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. 2023 Jan 5;11:2. doi: 10.1186/s40364-022-00433-w

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2

Modulation of cell death pathways in HNSCC. The tumour microenvironment of HNSCC is a complex ecosystem composed of cellular components (such as malignant cells, immune cells and stromal cells), extracellular matrix and interstitial fluid (such as blood vessels, cytokines, chemokines and growth factors). The interaction between cancer cells and invasive immune cells determines the progression and therapeutic effect of the tumour. ECM, extracellular matrix; NK, natural killer; TP53, tumour protein p53