Table 2.
All-cause and cause-specific mortality by MAFLD subgroup
| Death | Duration (PYs) | Incidence rate (per 1000 PY) |
Hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, sex adjusted | Multivariatea | ||||
| All-cause mortality | |||||
| No MAFLD | 240,245 | 58,587,451.25 | 4.10 | 1 (Ref.) | 1 (Ref.) |
| MAFLD-diabetes | 58,797 | 4,848,887.35 | 12.13 | 1.43 (1.42, 1.45) | 1.61 (1.59, 1.63) |
| MAFLD-overweight/obese | 101,136 | 25,961,930.93 | 3.90 | 0.84 (0.84, 0.85) | 1.19 (1.18, 1.20) |
| MAFLD-lean | 17,415 | 1,727,529.60 | 10.08 | 1.45 (1.45, 1.49) | 1.36 (1.34, 1.38) |
| CVD-specific mortality | |||||
| No MAFLD | 45,670 | 58,587,451.25 | 0.78 | 1 (Ref.) | 1 (Ref.) |
| MAFLD-diabetes | 11,683 | 4,848,887.35 | 2.41 | 1.55 (1.51, 1.58) | 1.61 (1.58, 1.65) |
| MAFLD-overweight/obese | 19,718 | 25,961,930.93 | 0.76 | 0.94 (0.93, 0.96) | 1.22 (1.19, 1.25) |
| MAFLD-lean | 3191 | 1,727,529.60 | 1.85 | 1.51 (1.46, 1.57) | 1.45 (1.40, 1.51) |
| Cancer-specific mortality | |||||
| No MAFLD | 84,720 | 58,587,451.25 | 1.45 | 1 (Ref.) | 1 (Ref.) |
| MAFLD-diabetes | 19,822 | 4,848,887.35 | 4.09 | 1.37 (1.34, 1.39) | 1.31 (1.29, 1.33) |
| MAFLD-overweight/obese | 41,763 | 25,961,930.93 | 1.61 | 0.95 (0.94, 0.96) | 1.11 (1.09, 1.13) |
| MAFLD-lean | 5907 | 1,727,529.60 | 3.42 | 1.36 (1.32, 1.40) | 1.27 (1.23, 1.30) |
| Liver disease-related mortality | |||||
| No MAFLD | 12,824 | 58,587,451.25 | 0.22 | 1 (Ref.) | 1 (Ref.) |
| MAFLD-diabetes | 6626 | 4,848,887.35 | 1.37 | 2.99 (2.90, 3.08) | 2.85 (2.75, 2.95) |
| MAFLD-overweight/obese | 9535 | 25,961,930.93 | 0.38 | 1.28 (1.25, 1.32) | 1.76 (1.70, 1.82) |
| MAFLD-lean | 2305 | 1,727,529.60 | 1.33 | 3.24 (3.10, 3.39) | 2.84 (2.72, 2.97) |
Abbreviations: MAFLD Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease, CVD Cardiovascular disease, PY Person years
aAdjusted for age, sex, body mass index, income, smoking, alcohol consumption, exercise, and Charlson Comorbidity Index score