Table 1.
Baseline characteristics
| AIS | ICH | SAH | SDH | TIA | Stroke mimics | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 131 | N = 21 | N = 4 | N = 7 | N = 22 | N = 114 | |
| Age at symptom onset, years, mean (SD) | 73 (± 13) | 70 (± 13) | 67 (± 15) | 80 (± 9) | 74 (± 13) | 65 (± 17) |
| Sex, female, n (%) | 56 (43%) | 8 (38%) | 1 (25%) | 0 (0%) | 6 (27%) | 56 (49%) |
| Minutes from ictus to blood collection, median (IQR) | 80 (56–126) | 50 (40–85) | 141 (95–201) | 76 (67–160) | 78 (59–100) | 78 (50–140) |
| NIHSS at blood collection, median (IQR) | 4 (3–7) | 12 (7–15) | 9 (4–24) | 4 (3–10) | 4 (1–5) | 3 (1–5) |
| GFAP (pg/mL), median (IQR) | 268 (171–514) | 1484 (310–5370) | 718 (381–12,496) | 585 (360–897) | 212 (139–481) | 192 (109–386) |
| PreSS part 1 positive, n (%) | 127 (97%) | 21 (100%) | 4 (100%) | 6 (86%) | 16 (73%) | 94 (82%) |
| PreSS part 2 positive, n (%) | 32 (25%) | 13 (62%) | 2 (50%) | 4 (67%) | 2 (13%) | 17 (18%) |
| Prehospital inclusion, n (%) | 106 (81%) | 15 (71%) | 4 (100%) | 6 (86%) | 17 (77%) | 100 (88%) |
| Treated with tPA, n (%) | 110 (84%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 33 (29%) |
| Treated with EVT, n (%) | 10 (8%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
| Comorbidities | ||||||
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 19 (15%) | 4 (20%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (29%) | 5 (23%) | 15 (13%) |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 17 (13%) | 4 (20%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (14%) | 7 (32%) | 17 (15%) |
| Heart disease, n (%) | 48 (37%) | 7 (33%) | 1 (25%) | 4 (57%) | 14 (64%) | 27 (24%) |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 75 (57%) | 16 (76%) | 1 (25%) | 4 (57%) | 18 (82%) | 55 (49%) |
| Hyperlipidemia, n (%) | 33 (25%) | 5 (25%) | 1 (25%) | 1 (14%) | 6 (29%) | 16 (15%) |
| Smokinga, n (%) | 23 (23%) | 1 (8%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (11%) | 17 (20%) |
| Obesity, n (%) | 10 (18%) | 3 (30%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (13%) | 6 (11%) |
| Previous AIS, TIA or ICH, n (%) | 30 (23%) | 7 (33%) | 1 (25%) | 2 (29%) | 9 (41%) | 37 (33%) |
| Pathology | ||||||
| LVO, n (%) | 27 (21%) | |||||
AIS acute ischemic stroke, EVT endovascular treatment, GFAP glial fibrillary acidic protein, ICH intracerebral hemorrhage, LVO large-vessel occlusion, NIHSS National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, PreSS Prehospital Stroke Score, SAH subarachnoid hemorrhage, SDH subdural hematoma, TIA Transient ischemic attack, tPA tissue plasminogen activator
aSmoking at inclusion