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. 2023 Jan 5;42:4. doi: 10.1186/s13046-022-02568-y

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 2 — Distribution of irAE cases among patients treated with seven FDA-approved ICIs according to the FDA dataset in the past seven years. A-C irAE cases for each ICI were divided into seven outcome groups, including died, disabled, hospitalized, life-threatening, non-serious, required intervention and other outcomes. The total percentage for each outcome group is indicated for ICIs targeting PD1, PDL1 and CTLA4 in (A), (B) and (C), respectively. D Comparison of the rate of hospitalization among patients treated with each ICI. E Proportions of serious irAEs or deaths for each FDA-approved ICI in the FDA dataset (left) and summary of statistical analysis of odds ratio (OR) for seven FDA-approved ICIs (right)