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. 2023 Jan 5;21:7. doi: 10.1186/s12951-022-01763-5

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 7 — ADMSC^young-EVs protected tenocytes treated with IL-1β by restoring NAD + biosynthesis and the NAMPT/SIRT1/PPARγ/PGC-1α pathway. a Western blotting and quantification of NAMPT in the control, IL-1β, IL-1β + ADMSC^young-EV and IL-1β + ADMSC^old-EV tenocyte groups, n = 3. b Relative NAD+ content in the control, IL-1β, IL-1β + ADMSC^young-EV and IL-1β + ADMSC^old-EV tenocyte groups, n = 4. c JC-1 staining of tenocytes in the control, IL-1β, IL-1β + ADMSC^young-EVs and IL-1β + ADMSC^old-EV groups. Aggregates are shown in red, and monomers are shown in green. The relative JC-1 intensity was quantified, and n = 4. Scale bar = 200 μm. d OCR curves and OCR respiratory reactions in the control, IL-1β, IL-1β + ADMSC^young-EV and IL-1β + ADMSC^old-EV tenocyte groups. The basal OCR, ATP production, protein leak, maximal OCR, and spare respiratory capacity were calculated, n = 4. e The ECAR curves and ECAR respiratory reactions in the control, IL-1β, IL-1β + ADMSC^young-EV and IL-1β + ADMSC^old-EV tenocyte groups, n = 4. The gliosis and glycolytic capacity were calculated. f The relative ATP production ability in the control, IL-1β, IL-1β + ADMSC^young-EV and IL-1β + ADMSC^old-EV tenocyte groups, n = 4. g Relative LDH release in the control, IL-1β, IL-1β + ADMSC^young-EV and IL-1β + ADMSC^old-EV tenocyte groups, n = 4. h Western blotting and quantification of NAMPT, SIRT1, PPARγ and PGC-1α in the control, IL-1β, IL-1β + ADMSC^young-EVs, IL-1β + ADMSC^old-EVs, IL-1β + ADMSC^young-EVs + NAMPT inhibitor and IL-1β + ADMSC^young-EVs + SIRT1 inhibitor tenocyte groups, n = 3. (*: control vs. IL-1β treatment; #: IL-1β treatment vs. IL-1β + ADMSC^young-EVs treatment; &: IL-1β + ADMSC^young-EVs vs. IL-1β + ADMSC^old-EVs treatment groups, $: IL-1β + ADMSC^young-EVs vs. IL-1β + ADMSC^young-EVs + NAMPT inhibitor; ^: IL-1β + ADMSC^young-EVs vs. IL-1β + ADMSC^young-EVs + SIRT1 inhibitor, P < 0.05; **: P < 0.01; ***: P < 0.001)