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. 2022 Dec 22;13:1089343. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1089343

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Copyright © 2022 Boonstra, Oostendorp, Roudijk, Kloosterman, Asselbergs, Loh and Van Dam.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effect of dyssynchronous patch activation on body surface potentials. Representative example of the effect of dyssynchronous patch activation. Activation sequences of the patches and ventricles are displayed from red (early) to blue (late) with isochrone steps of 10 ms. Simulated BSP are displayed as 12-lead ECG. The colors in the ECG correspond to the colors stated in the left column with the simulation characteristics. Isochronal crowding, that is, observed on the patch increases by increasing the amount of added jitter. One cube in the 12-lead ECG corresponds to 40 ms (width) and 0.5 mV (height) as also indicated in lead II.