Table 1.

Clinical trials involving compounds containing first-row transition metals registered with the National Institutes of Health (NIH).

Transition metal	Total clinical trials	Active^a clinical trials	Conditions/disease	Interventions/procedure
Scandium	4	2	Melanoma/gingival recession	Isolated hepatic perfusion (IHP)/Laser procedures
Titanium	540	134	A wide range of Ti-based implants	Surgical insertion
Vanadium	12	2	Preeclampsia/prediabetes/cancer	Oral administration
Chromium	256	62	Type 2 diabetes, coronary artery disease, obesity, HIV, polycystic ovary	Oral administration
Manganese	73	17	Vitamin and micronutrient deficiency	Oral administration
Iron	3234	776	anemia, iron deficiency, obesity, type 2 diabetes	Oral administration
Cobalt	299	67	B-cell lymphoma, coronary artery disease, osteoarthritis, melanoma, coronary artery stenosis	Oral administration
Nickel	118	28	Malocclusion, knee osteoarthritis, malignant glioma, impacted tooth, sickle cell disease	Orthodontic arch wire, EXD-959 Bracket System, Surgery, Oral administration
Copper	393	83	Menkes disease, contraception, cancer, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, HIV, vitamin and mineral deficiency, Wilson disease, vitamin D deficiency	Oral administration, surgery
Zinc	1797	182	HIV, sepsis, hemophilia B, dental pulp necrosis, Mucopolysaccharidosis II, vitamin A and D deficiency, fluoride poisoning, zinc deficiency, cancer, type II diabetes, type 1 diabetes	Oral administration

^a“Active” includes funded trials that are either recruiting or completing data analysis.