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. 2021 Aug 5;4:116. doi: 10.1038/s42004-021-00553-8

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 6 — Ionic radii showed a great influence on the interconvertion between helicate and tetrahedron. Largest La³⁺ ion prefers to form stable helicate while smallest Lu³⁺ ions can form both stable helicate and relatively stable tetrahedron assemblies. Lanthanide ions that lies between La and Lu were found to form stable helicates and upon dilution tetrahedron-to-helicate transformation was observed. Both [Eu₄L1₆] and [Sm₄L1₆] exhibited similar activation energy under the tetrahedron-to-helicate transformation process.