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. 2023 Jan 3;13(1):e070253. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-070253

Table 1.

Preliminary results

Control group (n=8) Intervention group (n=10)
Demographics/comorbidities
 Age (years) 78.25 (SD 5.4) 78.20 (SD 5.5)
 Female sex 2 (25%) 1 (10%)
 ASA score=III (n) 2 (25%) 2 (20%)
 ASA score ≥IV (n) 6 (75%) 8 (80%)
 Fried Frailty Scale (n) 1.9 (SD 1.1) 2.1 (SD 1.2)
 Smoking (y/n) 1 (12.5%) 0 (0%)
 Anaemia (y/n) 2 (25%) 4 (40%)
 Nutritional deficit (NRS-2002≥3) (y/n) 2 (25%) 1 (10%)
 Ischaemic heart disease or chronic heart failure (y/n) 4 (50%) 6 (60%)
 Diabetes (y/n) 3 (37.5%) 3 (30%)
 Obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) (y/n) 1 (12.5%) 1 (10%)
Surgical procedure
 Cardiac 2 3
 Orthopaedic 0 1
 Thoracic 0 1
 Urologic 3 4
 Vascular 2 1
 Visceral 1 0
 Use of ECC (y/n) 2 (25%) 3 (30%)
 P-POSSUM (baseline) 43.3 (SD 6.5) 45.2 (SD 8.2)
 Days to surgery (days) 29.8 (SD 19.7) 28.5 (SD 9.3)
Laboratory parameters (baseline)
 Haemoglobin (g/L) 136.8 (SD 16.3) 126.9 (SD 13.8)
 NT-proBNP (pg/mL) 3677.4 (SD 5022.3) 886.8 (SD 881.5)
 Albumin (g/L) 33.3 (SD 3.9) 36.0 (SD 2.3)
 Prealbumin (g/L) 0.22 (SD 0.04) 0.25 (SD 0.06)
 HbA1c (%) 6.0 (SD 0.7) 6.4 (SD 1.4)
 Creatinine (mmol/L) 147.9 (SD 51.5) 131.0 (SD 53.4)
Fitness
 MIP (cmH20) 51.3 (SD 28.0) 46.9 (SD 16.1)
 AT (mL/min/kg) 9.8 (SD 1.0) 9.1 (SD 1.3)
 VO2peak (mL/min/kg) 12.7 (SD 1.4) 11.8 (SD 2.8)
Questionnaires
 STAI (n) 10.6 (SD 2.4) 13 (SD3.9)
 DASI (n) 4.1 (SD 0.8) 4.6 (SD 1.4)

ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; AT, anaerobic threshold; BMI, body mass index; DASI, Duke Activity Status Index; ECC, extracorporeal circulation; HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin; MIP, maximum inspiratory pressure; NRS-2002, Nutritional Risk Screening 2002; NT-proBNP, N-terminal-pro hormone brain-derived natriuretic peptide; STAI, state-trait anxiety inventory.