TABLE 1.
Summary of Studies Characteristics
| Study | Protocol | Mean AC operation time (min) | Follow-up | Total patient number | Mean age (y) range at the surgery | Lesion type | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AC | GA | Tumor | Epilepsy (%) | Other (%) | ||||||
| Glioma (HGG/LGG) (%) | Other | |||||||||
| Whittle et al48 | Asleep-awake-asleep or asleep-awake-awake | 62 (range, 10-105; awake phase) | NS | 15 | 45 (25-67) | NA | NS | NS | 0 | 0 |
| Hol et al49 | NS | 275 ± 56 SD | NS | 40 | 44 | 48 | NS | NS | 0 | 0 |
| Klimek et al50 | NS | 275 ± 56 SD | NS | 40 | 48 | 44 | NS | NS | 0 | 0 |
| Goebel et al51 | Awake-awake-awake | NS | Yes—3-7 d | 25 | 46 (23-71) | NA | 0 | 25 (100) | 0 | 0 |
| Santini et al52 | NS | NS | NS | 21 | NS (25-76) | NA | 21 (13/8) (100) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Santini et al53 | NS | NS | Yes—3-6 mo | 22 | NS | NA | 22 (8/14) (100) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Milian et al54 | Awake-awake-awake | 360.0 ± 108.2 (range, 210-634) | Yes—4 wks for 3 patients | 16 | 38 (28-55) | NA | 15 (8/7) (93.8) | 0 | 1 (6.25) | 0 |
| Beez et al55 | Asleep-awake-asleep and asleep-awake-awake | 76 (20-137; awake phase) | No | 105 | 46 (18-76) | NA | 105 (0/105) (100) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Zemmoura et al32 | Hypnosis/asleep-awake-asleep for 6 patients who did not tolerate hypnosis | NS | Yes—NS | 37 | 41 (18-67) | NA | 37 (0/28) (100) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Joswig et al56 | Sedated-awake-asleep | 205 (range, 90-300) | Yes—7-25 mo variable | 22 | 50 (17-72)a | NA | 16 (10/6) (72.8) | 0 | 0 | 6 (27.3) |
| Goettel et al57 | Awake-awake-awake | 121 (109-142 IQR) | NS | 48 | 57 (27-88) | NA | 23 (47.9) | 16 (33.3) | 0 | 9 (18.8) |
| Riquin et al58 | Hypnosis/asleep-awake | NS | Yes—3 and 6 mo | 7 | NS (8-16) | NA | NS | NS | NS | NS |
| Wu et al59 | NS | NS | NS | 38 | 40 | NA | NS | NS | NS | NS |
| Ruis et al5 | Awake-awake-awake | NS | No | 70 | 53 (18-81) | NA | 70 (36/34) (100) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| van Ark et al60 | Asleep-awake-asleep | NS | No | 272 | NS | NS | 80 (29.4) | 161 (59.2) | 0 | 31 (11.4) |
| Hejrati et al61 | Awake-awake-asleep | NS | Yes—3 mo | 20 | 56 (20-72) | NA | NS | NS | NS | NS |
| Cathey et al62 | NS | NS | No | 31 | 60 | NA | 15 (12/3) (28.4) | 12 (38.7) | 0 | 0 |
| Huguet et al63 | Asleep-awake-asleep | NS | Yes—3, 6, and 12 mo | 17 | 15 (9-18) | NA | NS | NS | NS | NS |
| Colgan et al64 | Asleep-awake-asleep | NS | Yes—2 wks | 14 | 44 (27-83) | NA | 10 (7/3) (71.4) | 2 (14.3) | 2 (14.3) | 0 |
| Staub-Bartelt et al65 | NS | NS | No | 54 | 55 (29-81) | 59 (40-83) | AC 31 (57.4) | 4 AC (7.4) | 0 | 0 |
| GA 14 (25.9) | 5 GA (9.26) | |||||||||
| Kamata et al66 | Asleep-awake-?b | NS | No | 405 | PA 34, NPA 40 | NA | NS | NS | NS | NS |
| Bakhshi et al67 | NS | NS | Yes—NS | 96 | 42 | 44 ± 12 | AC 37 (29/8) (38.5) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| GA 59 (34/25) (61.5) | ||||||||||
| Stalnacke et al68 | Asleep-awake-awake | NS | Yes—3-13 mo | 7 | 51 (39-71) | NA | 7 (100) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Rahmani et al43 | Asleep-awake-asleep | NS | Yes—1 mo and 6 mo | 28 | 39 | NA | 28 (28/0) (100) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
AC, awake craniotomy; GA, general anesthesia; HGG, high-grade glioma; LGG, low-grade glioma; NA, not applicable; NS, not specified.
a
This study reported an age range 17-72 years, which overlaps with the children's range determined in this review; however, because the mean age reported was 50 years, it was considered an adult study.
b
This study did not specify the full protocol.