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. 2022 Dec 22;13:1006998. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1006998

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Copyright © 2022 Harvey, Graves, Uppalapati, Matthews, Rosenberg, Parent, Fagerlie, Guinan, Lopez and Kronstad

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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NK cells express HLA-DR after co-culture with IAV-exposed MoDCs. (A) Summary plot of the frequency of HLA-DR⁺ NK cells after culture alone or after 6 h (n = 7) or 23 h (n = 6-9) co-culture with mock-treated or Cal/09- or Vic/11-exposed MoDCs at an MOI of 3 as assessed by flow cytometry using an antibody specific to HLA-DR. In the NK cell-only conditions (0:1, 0:4), influenza virions were added concurrently with the NK cells. (B) Representative flow plot of the percentage of HLA-DR⁺ NK cells and MdFI of HLA-DR on NK cells after 23 h co-culture with Cal/09- or Vic/11-exposed MoDCs (MOI = 3) at a MoDC to NK cell ratio of 4:1 (top panel) or 1:4 (bottom panel). PMA/I treatment for 6 h served as a positive control. The same shape between conditions indicates that the data point is derived from the same donor. *p < 0.05, Wilcoxon signed-rank test.