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. 2023 Jan 5;18(1):e0279564. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279564

Table 2. Subgroups of empathy according to the Toronto Empathy Questionnaire.

Domain of empathy Median (IQR)
Perception of an emotional state in others 2.5 (2–3)
Assessment of emotion comprehension in others 3 (2–3)
Demonstrating appropriate sensitivity 2.7 (2.4–3)
Sympathetic physiological arousal 2.8 (2.3–3)
Altruism 3 (2.6–3.3)
Behaviors engaging higher-order empathic responding 2 (2–3)