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. 2023 Jan 5;13:257. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-26646-5

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Schematic overview of the Spike protein N-terminal domain acquiring deletion mutations during evolution to evade immune responses. The deletion mutations occur concurrently with other substitution mutations (not highlighted) in the background. The schematic was made using a three-dimensional structure obtained from the Protein Data Bank (PDB identifier: 7C2L described by Chi et al.).18.