Table 3.
Nutrient intake according to tertiles of healthy beverage index.
| Variables | HBI | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 (n = 75) | T2 (n = 80) | T3 (n = 55) | P value | P value∗ | |
| Dietary intakes | |||||
| Energy (kcal/d) | 2511.26 ± 690.39 | 2645.40 ± 769.13 | 2569.56 ± 782.68 | 0.58 | |
| Total fat (g/d) | 91.80 ± 32.56 | 96.54 ± 31.05 | 86.56 ± 31.26 | 0.26 | 0.11 |
| Cholesterol (mg/d) | 236.98 ± 102.11 | 271.73 ± 117.47 | 252.75 ± 81.39 | 0.15 | 0.36 |
| SFA (mg/d) | 26.47 ± 10.28 | 29.87 ± 12.50 | 25.61 ± 10.15 | 0.09 | 0.09 |
| MUFA (g/d) | 31.70 ± 12.61 | 31.03 ± 10.41 | 27.94 ± 9.67 | 0.19 | 0.02 |
| PUFA (g/d) | 20.46 ± 9.92 | 19.72 ± 7.71 | 17.73 ± 7.88 | 0.26 | 0.12 |
| Linolenic acid (g/d) | 1.05 ± 0.61 | 1.48 ± 0.67 | 1.11 ± 0.53 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Linoleic acid (g/d) | 18.05 ± 9.53 | 16.60 ± 7.10 | 15.80 ± 7.38 | 0.19 | 0.08 |
| EPA (mg/d) | 0.03 ± 0.04 | 0.03 ± 0.03 | 0.03 ± 0.04 | 0.94 | 0.73 |
| DHA (mg/d) | 0.11 ± 0.12 | 0.11 ± 0.11 | 0.11 ± 0.12 | 0.95 | 0.72 |
| TFA (mg/d) | 0.0008 ± 0.001 | 0.001 ± 0.002 | 0.001 ± 0.004 | 0.54 | 0.58 |
| Sodium (mg/d) | 42.03 ± 1393.40 | 4304.40 ± 1303.65 | 4003.29 ± 1370.35 | 0.51 | 0.37 |
| Potassium (mg/d) | 4106.18 ± 1582.21 | 4412.53 ± 1452.27 | 4718.50 ± 1638.44 | 0.12 | 0.02 |
| Vitamin A (RAE) | 723.07 ± 364.79 | 849.82 ± 435.02 | 849.82 ± 486.89 | 0.15 | 0.28 |
| Β-carotene (mg/d) | 4718.43 ± 2765.62 | 5782.88 ± 3786.84 | 6089.74 ± 5000.33 | 0.12 | 0.18 |
| Vitamin D (μg/d) | 2.01 ± 1.59 | 1.87 ± 1.37 | 2.00 ± 1.32 | 0.84 | 0.67 |
| Vitamin E (mg/d) | 19.16 ± 10.81 | 15.03 ± 6.18 | 15.15 ± 7.95 | 0.01 | 0.002 |
| Thiamin (μg/d) | 2.01 ± 0.63 | 2.08 ± 0.65 | 2.01 ± 0.68 | 0.82 | 0.68 |
| Riboflavin (mg/d) | 2.15 ± 0.90 | 2.25 ± 0.75 | 2.27 ± 0.90 | 0.70 | 0.77 |
| Niacin (mg/d) | 23.56 ± 7.31 | 26.17 ± 10.09 | 25.32 ± 10.52 | 0.25 | 0.45 |
| Vitamin B6 (μg/d) | 2.00 ± 0.64 | 2.23 ± 0.76 | 2.32 ± 0.74 | 0.04 | 0.005 |
| Folate (μg/d) | 584.85 ± 181.50) | 610.61 ± 171.28 | 621.80 ± 182.40 | 0.52 | 0.41 |
| Vitamin B12 (μg/d) | 4.16 ± 1.96 | 4.79 ± 2.51 | 4.45 ± 2.71 | 0.30 | 0.55 |
| Biotin | 36.97 ± 15.01 | 38.50 ± 13.23 | 45.48 ± 26.75 | 0.04 | 0.01 |
| Pantothenic acid | 6.32 ± 2.21 | 6.39 ± 1.89 | 6.93 ± 3.81 | 0.44 | 0.15 |
| Vitamin K (μg/d) | 185.00 ± 109.43 | 249.58 ± 217.43 | 270.51 ± 350.89 | 0.11 | 0.15 |
| Phosphorus (mg/d) | 1596.40 ± 504.78 | 1695.12 ± 546.73 | 1617.85 ± 545.03 | 0.53 | 0.86 |
| Vitamin C μmol/L) | 183.10 ± 165.48 | 191.32 ± 103.28 | 225.61 ± 117.66 | 0.24 | 0.15 |
| Calcium (mg/d) | 1127.46 ± 416.04) | 1197.17 ± 420.44 | 1138.66 ± 424.91 | 0.60 | 0.86 |
| Iron (mg/d) | 18.04 ± 6.06 | 19.15 ± 5.91 | 18.86 ± 6.67 | 0.56 | 0.82 |
| Magnesium (mg/d) | 449.03 ± 150.26 | 472.64 ± 147.58 | 480.39 ± 162.81 | 0.51 | 0.41 |
| Zinc (mg/d) | 12.81 ± 4.45 | 13.39 ± 4.20 | 13.11 ± 4.57 | 0.74 | 0.97 |
| Copper (mg/d) | 1.89 ± 0.63 | 2.04 ± 0.61 | 2.15 ± 1.05 | 0.18 | 0.06 |
| Manganese (mg/d) | 7.09 ± 2.45 | 7.33 ± 2.80 | 7.21 ± 3.84 | 0.89 | 0.98 |
| Selenium (mg/d) | 120.48 ± 38.00 | 121.01 ± 44.21 | 115.76 ± 47.75 | 0.79 | 0.35 |
| Chromium (mg/d) | 0.12 ± 0.08 | 0.11 ± 0.09 | 0.09 ± 0.08 | 0.26 | 0.15 |
| Total fiber (g/d) | 42.94 ± 19.56 | 45.41 ± 16.91 | 45.92 ± 18.48 | 0.63 | 0.77 |
| Caffeine (mg/d) | 139.65 ± 103.40 | 172.09 ± 126.52 | 172.88 ± 296.41 | 0.49 | 0.53 |
|
| |||||
| Food groups | |||||
| Whole grains (g/d) | 6.88 ± 7.93 | 7.16 ± 11.21 | 13.67 ± 15.02 | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Fruits (g/d) | 488.09 ± 379.20 | 510.24 ± 303.14 | 639.12 ± 378.77 | 0.07 | 0.02 |
| Vegetables (g/d) | 423.42 ± 264.40 | 454.20 ± 235.00 | 531.20 ± 341.35 | 0.12 | 0.12 |
| Nuts (g/d) | 13.4423 ± 17.57 | 17.31 ± 16.32 | 16.60 ± 20.71 | 0.42 | 0.48 |
| Legumes (g/d) | 56.26 ± 46.30 | 55.90 ± 43.10 | 56.09 ± 44.65 | 0.99 | 0.99 |
| Sweets. desserts (g/d) | 35.07 ± 29.46 | 77.14 ± 233.31 | 44.20 ± 36.24 | 0.22 | 0.31 |
| Refined grains (g/d) | 463.80 ± 239.66 | 452.18 ± 202.81 | 477.23 ± 316.72 | 0.87 | 0.48 |
| Dairy (ml/d) | 384.97 ± 242.53 | 380.32 ± 212.35 | 408.13 ± 315.66 | 0.84 | 0.65 |
| Eggs (g/d) | 20.54 ± 13.41 | 21.96 ± 13.57 | 24.97 ± 15.74 | 0.26 | 0.32 |
| White meat (g/d) | 39.95 ± 29.53 | 53.93 ± 55.54 | 44.15 ± 34.36 | 0.15 | 0.29 |
| Red meat (g/d) | 18.99 ± 15.26 | 27.36 ± 23.35 | 23.51 ± 21.59 | 0.05 | 0.10 |
DHA: docosahexaenoic acid, EPA: eicosapentaenoic acid, MUFA; monounsaturated fatty acid, PUFA: polyunsaturated fatty acid, SFA: saturated fatty acid, TFA: trans fatty acid. Values are represented as means SDANCOVA (P value∗) was performed to adjusted potential confounding factors (energy intake). P values <0.05 were considered as significant. The bold values are the values <0.05 and considered significant, or the values that are considered marginally significant.