Table 3.
The effect of Kefir treatment on liver function and lipid profile.
| Laboratory parameters | Control | NASH (9 weeks) | NASH (12 weeks) | Early kefir | Late kefir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean ± SD | |||||
| AST (U/L) | 20.38 ± 3.5 | 71.1 ± 4.6* | 80.5 ± 5.451* # | 33.67 ± 5.48# δ a | 60.8 ± 4.367#δ |
| ALT (U/L) | 27 ± 4.5 | 81.88 ± 3.94* | 126.6 ± 20.03*# | 41 ± 4.936#δa | 59.6 ± 3.34δ# |
| GGT (U/L) | 14.38 ± 2.2 | 64 ± 7.03* | 79.38 ± 13.39*# | 32.83 ± 5.02#δa€ | 43.3 ± 9.62δ# |
| ALP (U/L) | 29.13 ± 7.7 | 90.75 ± 3.15* | 105.9 ± 7.2*# | 51.5 ± 6.11#δa | 68.4 ± 7.57#δ |
| Total bilirubin (mg/dL) | 0.308 ± 0.05 | 1.06 ± 0.17* | 1.844 ± 0.505*# | 0.463 ± 0.05#δ | 0.73 ± 0.067δ#€ |
| Direct bilirubin (mg/dL) | 0.122 ± 0.02 | 0.57 ± 0.08* | 0.806 ± 0.14*# | 0.223 ± 0.05#δ | 0.297 ± 0.0194#δ |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 88.25 ± 7.7 | 121.1 ± 5.51* | 181.9 ± 3.48*# | 99 ± 9.323#δa | 126.7 ± 1.63δ |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 45.38 ± 4.5 | 115.6 ± 5.9* | 141.5 ± 10.06*# | 73.5 ± 3.7#δa | 94.5 ± 4.882#δ |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 64.50 ± 5.8 | 32 ± 3.928* | 30.13 ± 2.35* | 50.17 ± 3.04#δa | 60.5 ± 2.321#δ |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 14.68 ± 4 | 65.9 ± 6.35* | 123.5 ± 1.46*# | 34.13 ± 11.3#δa | 47.3 ± 4.187#δ |
Values are mean ± SD; number of animals = 8 rats/each group. One-Way ANOVA test followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test.
LDL-C low-density lipoproteins, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein, AST Aspartate aminotransferase, ALT Alanine aminotransferase, ALP Alkaline phosphatase, GGT Gamma-glutamyl transferase.
*P < 0.001 compared to control group.
#P < 0.001 compared to NASH (9 weeks) group.
δP < 0.001 compared to NASH (12 weeks) group.
aP < 0.001 compared to Late Kefir.
€P < 0.05 compared to control group.