Table 1.
Mouse models of supernumerary tooth
| Pathway | Mouse model | Phenotype | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Wnt | R-spondin2−/− | Mesiodistal supernumerary teeth in the diastema region | 96 |
| K14-Cre8Brn; Apccko/cko | Numerous supernumerary teeth surrounded the principal teeth | 88 | |
| Fgf8CreER; Ctnnb1Δex3fl/+ | Numerous supernumerary teeth surrounded the principal teeth | 41 | |
| K14-Cre Ctnnb1(Ex3) fl/+ | Numerous supernumerary teeth surrounded the principal teeth | 89,90 | |
| Wise−/− | Supernumerary teeth in the incisor, molar, and diastema regions | 93,94 | |
| Lrp4−/− | Supernumerary teeth in the incisor and molar regions | 92 | |
| Wise−/−, Lrp5−/− | Supernumerary teeth in the incisor and diastema regions | 93 | |
| Wise−/−, Lrp5+/− | Supernumerary teeth in the incisor and diastema regions | 93 | |
| Wise−/−, Lrp5+/−, Lrp6+/− | Mesiodistal supernumerary teeth in the diastema regions | 93 | |
| Wnt10a−/− | Mesiodistal supernumerary teeth (M4) in the molar region | 97 | |
| FGF | Spry2−/− | Mesiodistal supernumerary teeth in the diastema region | 112,113 |
| Spry2+/−Spry4−/− | Supernumerary teeth in the incisor region | 184 | |
| Spry4−/− | Mesiodistal supernumerary teeth in the diastema region | 112 | |
| K14-Cre; R26R-fgf8 | Buccolingual supernumerary teeth in the incisor and molar regions | 185 | |
| Shh | Gas1−/− | Mesiodistal supernumerary teeth in the diastema region | 103,186 |
| Wnt1-Cre; Polarisflox/flox | Mesiodistal supernumerary teeth in the diastema region | 186 | |
| PCS1-MRCS1Δ/Δ | Mesiodistal supernumerary teeth in the diastema region | 101 | |
| ΔMRCS1/ΔMRCS1 | Mesiodistal supernumerary teeth in the diastema region | 102 | |
| ΔMRCS1/Shh KO | Mesiodistal supernumerary teeth in the diastema region | 102 | |
| Injection of 5E1 (at E12) * | Mesiodistal supernumerary teeth in the diastema region | 105 | |
| Injection of 5E1 (at E14) * | Buccolingual supernumerary teeth in the incisor and molar regions | 105 | |
| EDA | K14-Eda-A1 | Mesiodistal supernumerary teeth in the diastema region | 187 |
| K14-Eda | Mesiodistal supernumerary teeth in the diastema region | 118,187 | |
| K14-Eda; Fgf20−/− | Mesiodistal supernumerary teeth in the diastema region | 120 | |
| K14-Edar | Mesiodistal supernumerary teeth in the diastema region (sometimes missing third teeth) | 118 | |
| B6CBACa-Aw-J/A-EdaTa/0, | Mesiodistal supernumerary teeth in the diastema region | 188 | |
| Heterozygous Tabby | Mesiodistal supernumerary teeth in the diastema region (sometimes missing third teeth) | 189 | |
| Heterozygous Eda Ta/+ | Mesiodistal supernumerary teeth in the diastema region | 189,190 | |
| Others | Rsk2–/Y | Mesiodistal supernumerary teeth in the diastema region | 191 |
| Tg737orpk mutant | Mesiodistal supernumerary teeth in the diastema region | 186,192 | |
| K14-Cre; Fam20Bflox/flox | Buccolingual supernumerary teeth in the incisor region | 115,116 | |
| Cebpb−/−; Runx2+/− | Buccolingual supernumerary teeth in the incisor region | 193 | |
| Sey/Sey | Supernumerary teeth in the upper incisor region | 194 | |
| Di | Buccolingual supernumerary teeth in the incisor region | 195 | |
| Organ culture of mesenchyme-trimmed germ | Extra incisors develop in wild-type explants when most of the surrounding mesenchyme is removed before culture | 94 | |
| Osr2−/− | Buccolingual supernumerary teeth in the molar region | 108,109 | |
| Epiprofin−/− | Numerous supernumerary teeth in the incisor and molar regions | 196 | |
| Pitx2-Cre; Irf6 F/F | Supernumerary teeth in the incisor and diastema regions | 197 |
*5E1: an IgG1 monoclonal antibody against Shh protein