TABLE 2.

The role of lncRNAs in retinoblastoma.

LncRNA	Expression status	Target	Detection method	Effect	Model	Cell line	Reference
KCNQ1OT1	Up	miR-124	RT-qPCR	Increased proliferation, migration, and cell cycle, reduced apoptosis	Human 1 , in vitro, in vivo	Y79, WERI-RB1, hTERT RPE-1	Zhang et al. (2021b)
	Up	miR-134	qRT-PCR	Promoted proliferation, migration and invasion	Human, in vitro, in vivo	WERI-RB1, Y79, ARPE-19	Wang et al. (2021c)
	Up	miR-153-3p	qRT-PCR	Promoted proliferation, migration and invasion	Human, in vitro	SO-Rb50, HXO-RB44	Wang et al. (2020a)
XIST	Up	miR-140-5p	qRT-PCR	Promoted proliferation and invasion	Human, in vitro	ARPE-19, Y79, WERI-RB1, SO-Rb50, HXO-RB44	Wang et al. (2020b)
	Up	miR-142-5p	qRT-PCR	Promoted proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition	Human, in vitro	WERI-RB1, HXO-RB44, SO-RB50, ARPE-19, Y79	Xu and Tian, (2020)
	Up	miR-191-5p	qRT-PCR	Promoted proliferation, migration, invasion, and reduced apoptosis	Human, in vitro	HXO-RB44, WERI-RB-1, SO-RB50, ARPE-19, Y79	Xu et al. (2021d)
	Up	miR-204-5p	qRT-PCR	Enhanced proliferation and autophagy, induced vincristine resistance	Human, in vitro, in vivo	WERI-RB1, Y79, ARPE-19	Yao et al. (2020)
	Up	miR-200a-3p	qRT-PCR	Induced EMT, proliferation and invasion, inhibited apoptosis	Human, in vitro	Y79, ARPE-19	Zhao et al. (2020b)
	Up	miR-361-3p	qRT-PCR	Promoted proliferation, migration, invasion and autophagy, suppressed apoptosis	In vitro, human, in vivo	Y79, WERI-RB1, ARPE-19	Yang et al. (2020c)
	Up	miR-101	RT-PCR	Promoted proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT, suppressed apoptosis, reduced caspase-3 activity	In vitro, human	SO-RB50, Y79, WERI-RB1, ARPE-19	Cheng et al. (2019)
FEZF1-AS1	Up	miR-363-3p	qPCR	Promoted viability and proliferation, reduced apoptosis	Human, in vitro	WERI-RB1, Y79, ARPE-19	Liu et al. (2021b)
	Up	miR-1236-3p	RT-qPCR	Promoted EMT, migration and invasion	In vitro	ARPE-19, Y79, SO-Rb50, WERI-RB1, RBL-13	Zhang et al. (2020d)
UCA1	Up	miR-513a-5p	qRT-PCR	Increased proliferation and multidrug resistance	Human, in vitro	SO-RB50, HEK-293T	Yang et al. (2020d)
LINC00858	Up	miR-3182	RT-qPCR	Promoted proliferation, migration and invasion	Human, in vitro	SO-RB50, Y79, HXO-RB44, WERI-RB1, ARPE-19	Wang et al. (2020c)
LINC00152	Up	MiR-613	RT-qPCR	Increased aggressiveness; Enhanced carboplatin and adriamycin Resistance	Human, in vitro, in vivo	Y79, WERI-RB1, ARPE-19, RBL-13, SO-RB50	Wang et al. (2020d)
LincRNA-ROR	Up	miR-32-5p	qRT-PCR	Correlated with optic nerve invasion, nodal or distant metastasis, and recurrence	Human, in vitro, in vivo	hTERT RPE-1, WERI-RB1, Y79	Gao et al. (2021d)
MIAT	Up	miR-665	RT-qPCR	Increased proliferation, migration and invasion	Human, in vitro	ARPE-19, HXO-RB44, WERI-RB1, SO-RB50, Y79	Xu et al. (2021b)
CCAT1	Up	miR-218-5p	Q-PCR	Promoted EMT, migration and invasion	Human, in vitro	SO-RB50, Y79, WERI-RB1, ARPE-19	Meng et al. (2021)
	Up	miR-218-5p	qRT-PCR	Promoted proliferation, migration and invasion, reduced apoptosis	In vitro	SO-RB50, Y79, WERI-RB1	Zhang et al. (2017b)
LINC00202	Up	miR-204-5p	qRT-PCR	Promoted tumor progression by regulating proliferation, apoptosis and aerobic glycolysis	Human, in vitro, in vivo	Y79, HXO-RB44	Wu et al. (2020)
	Up	miR-3619-5p	qRT-PCR	Promoted proliferation, migration and invasion	In vitro, human	Y79, WERI-RB1, SORB50, hTERT-RPE1, ARPE-19, HXO-RB44	Yan et al. (2019)
SNHG20	Up	miR-335-5p	RT-qPCR	Promoted proliferation, migration and invasion	Human, in vitro	WERI-RB1, SO-RB50, ARPE-19, Y79	Song and Zhang, (2021)
SND1-IT1	Up	miR-132-3p	RT-qPCR	Promoted proliferation, invasion and migration	Human, in vitro, in vivo	WERI-RB1, SO-RB50, ARPE-19, Y79	Yin et al. (2021)
TMPO-AS1	Up	miR-199a-5p	qRT-PCR	Promoted proliferation, migration and invasion	Human, in vitro	HXO-RB44, SO-Rb50	Peng et al. (2020)
DANCR	Up	miR-34c, miR-613	RT-PCR	Promoted proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT, increased N-cadherin, vimentin)	Human, in vitro, in vivo	WERI-RB1, SO-RB50, Y79, HXO-RB44	Wang et al. (2018b)
MBLN1-AS1	Down	miR-338-5p	RT-qPCR	Inhibited Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, inhibited proliferation and migration	In vitro, in vivo	Y79, WERI-RB1, ARPE-19, SO-RB	Xu et al. (2021e)
HOTTIP	Up	miR-101-3p	qRT-PCR	Promoted proliferation, inhibited apoptosis	Human, in vitro, in vivo	Y79, HXO-RB-44, ARPE-19, SO-RB50	Yuan et al. (2021)
HOTAIR	Up	miR-20b-5p	qRT-PCR	Promoted proliferation, inhibited apoptosis	In vivo, in vitro	ARPE-19, RPE-1, SORB50, Y79, HXO-RB44, WERI-RB1	Fu et al. (2022)
ILF3-AS1	Up	miR-132-3p	RT-qPCR	Enhanced proliferation and invasion	Human, in vitro, in vivo	ARPE-19, Y79, HXO-RB44, SO–Rb50, Rb1	Han et al. (2020)
MALAT1	Up	miR-124	qRT-PCR	Induced proliferation, migration and invasion, inhibited apoptosis	In vitro	Y79, ARPE-19	Liu et al. (2018e)
	Up	miR-20b-5p	RT-qPCR	Promoted proliferation, suppressed apoptosis	In vitro, human, in vivo	SO-RB50, ARPE-19, HXO-RB44, WERI-RB1, Y79	Wang et al. (2020e)
LINC00205	Up	microRNA-665	RT-qPCR	Promoted proliferation, invasion and migration, reduced apoptosis, promoted tumor growth	Human, in vitro, in vivo	Y79, SO-RB50, WERI-RB1, ARPE-19	Zhang et al. (2020b)
PVT1	Up	miR-488-3p	qRT-PCR	Induced proliferation, migration, invasion, and cell cycle progression, inhibited apoptosis	Human, in vitro, in vivo	SO-RB50, WERI-RB1, Y79, HXO-RB44, ARPE-19	Wu et al. (2019b)
H19	Down	miR-17–92	qRT-PCR	Inhibited proliferation, induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis	Human, in vitro	ARPE-19, Y79, WERI-RB1, SO-RB50	Zhang et al. (2018d)
MIR17HG	Up	miR-155-5p	qRT-PCR	Promoted proliferation, migration, and invasion	Human, in vitro	HXO-RB44, SO-Rb50, Y79, WERI-RB1, ARPE-19	Yan et al. (2022)
PROX1-AS1	Up	miR-519d-3p	−	Induced drug resistance, proliferation, migration and invasion, inhibited apoptosis	Human, in vitro	−	Chen et al. (2021b)
MIR7-3HG	Up	miR-27a-3p	qRT-PCR	Promoted proliferation, suppressed apoptosis	In vitro, human	Y79, WERI-RB1, ARPE-19	Ding et al. (2020)
TP53TG1	Up	miR-33b	qPCR	Promoted proliferation, migration and invasion	In vitro, human, in vivo	SO-RB50, WERI-RB1, Y79, RBL-13, ARPE-19	Wang et al. (2021d)
FOXD2-AS1	Up	miR-31	qRT-PCR	Inhibited proliferation and migration	In vitro, human	SO-RB50, Y79, WERI-RB1, ARPE-19	Liang et al. (2022a)
CASC9	Up	miR-145-5p	qRT-PCR	Promoted proliferation, invasion and EMT, suppressed apoptosis	In vitro, human	Y79, WERI-RB1, ARPE-19	Zhang et al. (2020c)
RHPN1-AS1	Up	miR-3133	qRT-PCR	Promoted viability, suppressed apoptosis	In vitro	Y79, WERI-RB1, ARPE-19	Li et al. (2020d)
TP73-AS1	Up	miR-139-3p	RT-qPCR	Promoted proliferation	In vitro, human	WERI-RB1, Y79	Xia et al. (2019b)
ANRIL	Up	miR-328	qRT-PCR	Increased resistance to DDP, proliferation, upregulated ABCG2 and MDR1, inhibited apoptosis	In vitro	HXO-RB44, Y79	Yin et al. (2020)
ZFPM2-AS1	Up	miR-515	qRT-PCR	Promoted proliferation and metastasis, activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling	In vitro, in vivo, human	WERI-RB1, SO-RB50, Y79, ARPE-19	Lyv et al. (2020)
	Up	miR-511-3p	qRT-PCR	Promoted viability and migration	In vitro, human	SO-RB50, WERI-RB1, HXO-RB44, Y79, ARPE-19	Ni et al. (2022)
HCP5	Up	miR-3619-5p	RT-qPCR	Promoted proliferation, migration and invasion	In vitro, in vivo, human	Y79, WERI-RB1, HXO-RB44, ARPE-19, SO-RB50	Zhu and Hao, (2021)
LINC00324	Up	miR-769-5p	RT-qPCR	Promoted proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion, suppressed apoptosis	In vitro, in vivo, human	Y79, SO-RB50, WERI-RB1, ARPE-19	Dong et al. (2020)
FTX	Up	miR-320a	qRT-PCR	Exacerbated aggressive phenotype, promoted proliferation, migration and invasion, promoted RB tumor growth	In vitro, in vivo, human	Y79, SO-RB50, WERI-RB1, ARPE-19	Wang et al. (2021e)
LINC00488	Up	miR-30a-5p	RT-qPCR	Increased tumorigenicity and malignant phenotype	Human, In vivo, In vitro	SO-RB-50, WERI-RB1, ARPE-19, Y79	Cui et al. (2022)
NEAT1	Up	miR-204	-RT-PCR	Increased proliferation and migration, decreased apoptosis	In vitro, in vivo, human	Y79, WERI-RB1, SO‐RB50, ARPE‐19	Zhong et al. (2019)
TUG1	Up	−	qPCR	Promoted proliferation, migration, invasion, and induced EMT	Human, in vitro	WERI-RB1, Y79, SO-RB50, RBL-13, ARPE-19	Wang et al. (2022)

¹ Human; RB samples obtained from patients.