Table 1.

Characteristics of surgeries observed.

Characteristic		Observations, number, and percentage of total surgeries (N = 2,184)
Surgical specialty	General surgery	820 (37.5%)
	Orthopedics	431 (19.7%)
	Gynecology	239 (10.9%)
	Otolaryngology	216 (9.9%)
	Urology	177 (8.1%)
	Plastic surgery	89 (4.1%)
	Vascular surgery	58 (2.7%)
	Cardiology	55 (2.5%)
	Ophthalmology	51 (2.3%)
	Neurosurgery	39 (1.8%)
Duration of surgery*	>1 h	361 (16.5%)
	1–2 h	1,164 (53.3%)
	2–3 h	196 (9%)
	3–4 h	360 (16.5%)
	>4 h	103 (4.7%)
Number of physicians present at the surgical phase (mean ± SD)	Time out	3.28 ± 0.97
	First surgical count	3.02 ± 1.02
	Second surgical count	3.18 ± 0.90
Number of nurses present at the surgical phase (mean ± SD)	Time out	2.30 ± 0.57
	First surgical count	2.29 ± 0.58
	Second surgical count	2.22 ± 0.52

^*Duration of surgery is represented in categories of hours, 1 min differentiates between categories.

SD, standard deviation.