Table 4.
Free amino acid concentration (mg/L) in the four types of makgeolli samples.
| Makgeolli sample | Essential amino acids |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Histidine | Leucine | Isoleucine | Lysine | Methionine | Phenylalanine | Threonine | Tryptophan | Valine | |
| 1SF-N | 57.3 ± 3.9a | 108.2 ± 12.4a | 271.8 ± 31.5a | 124.9 ± 4.8a | 26.9 ± 4.5a | 222.0 ± 13.1a | 59.2 ± 4.8a | 54.4 ± 3.4a | 199.1 ± 13.8a |
| 1SF-YN | 1.9 ± 0.2b | 9.4 ± 1.5b | 33.2 ± 2.4b | 11.7 ± 0.3b | 4.0 ± 0.9b | 51.0 ± 2.7b | 6.1 ± 0.8b | 15.2 ± 3.7b | 31.3 ± 1.8b |
| 2SF | 23.0 ± 2.5c | 55.4 ± 8.7c | 136.2 ± 17.3c | 82.8 ± 7.5c | 9.8 ± 5.7c | 126.5 ± 15.3c | 27.8 ± 3.7c | 24.2 ± 6.6c | 98.7 ± 14.8c |
| 3SF | 46.9 ± 1.9d | 49.0 ± 1.6d | 117.7 ± 4.3d | 105.6 ± 9.2d | 1.7 ± 0.2d | 106.2 ± 7.3d | 42.7 ± 1.5d | 17.4 ± 1.7d | 87.1 ± 7.9d |
| Makgeolli sample | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-essential amino acids | 1SF-N | 1SF-YN | 2SF | 3SF |
| Alanine | 385.8 ± 18.1a | 49.5 ± 2.0b | 178.0 ± 25.9c | 321.5 ± 21.9d |
| Arginine | 202.3 ± 17.8a | 36.0 ± 2.0b | 45.9 ± 3.9c | 94.7 ± 19.6d |
| Aspartic acid | 108.5 ± 10.1a | 12.8 ± 0.8b | 76.3 ± 11.6c | 60.1 ± 2.1d |
| Citrulline | 7.9 ± 0.7a | 2.9 ± 0.4b | 6.4 ± 0.3c | 2.3 ± 0.2d |
| Cysteine | 3.6 ± 0.2a | ND | 0.6 ± 0.0b | 0.2 ± 0.0c |
| Ethanol amine | 7.5 ± 0.5a | 2.0 ± 0.1b | 3.9 ± 0.2c | 6.6 ± 0.5d |
| Glutamic acid | 334.3 ± 41.0a | 61.4 ± 2.6b | 164.9 ± 22.2c | 92.6 ± 11.5d |
| Glycine | 139.7 ± 10.2a | 20.7 ± 1.2b | 59.7 ± 11.5c | 73.3 ± 3.8d |
| Proline | 475.0 ± 37.6a | 63.4 ± 4.4b | 193.8 ± 18.8c | 158.1 ± 12.9d |
| Hydroxy-Proline | 17.7 ± 1.8a | 1.9 ± 0.4b | 4.2 ± 0.1c | 4.3 ± 0.6c |
| Ornithine | 84.4 ± 5.7a | 1.9 ± 0.3b | 119.6 ± 10.6c | 91.4 ± 9.8d |
| Serine | 93.5 ± 2.6a | 10.4 ± 0.3b | 49.6 ± 8.8c | 72.0 ± 2.6d |
| Tyrosine |
211.1 ± 19.8a |
29.9 ± 3.9b |
92.0 ± 5.8c |
112.0 ± 7.1d |
| Total amino acids | 3195.1 ± 77.3 a | 456.6 ± 9.3 b | 1579.3 ± 54.7 c | 1663.4 ± 39.6 d |
Results are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation (n = 4). Values with different a – d superscript letters in the same column, differ significantly (p < 0.05) as determined by Tukey test. ND = not detected.