Table 2. Comparison the clinicopathological characteristics between the main diagnosis at ECMO support.
| Variables | Cardiac indication group (n=3,566) | Respiratory indication group (n=658) | Other (n=1,820) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years, median [IQR] | 58 [47, 68] | 54 [42, 62] | 53 [44, 60] | <0.001 |
| Sex, male, n (%) | 2,435 (68.3) | 436 (66.3) | 1,157 (63.6) | 0.002 |
| Residence at ECMO support, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Urban area | 1,725 (48.4) | 299 (45.4) | 716 (39.3) | |
| Rural area | 1,841 (51.6) | 359 (54.6) | 1,104 (60.7) | |
| Year of ECMO support, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| 2005–2008 | 395 (11.1) | 8 (1.2) | 89 (4.9) | |
| 2009–2012 | 761 (21.3) | 81 (12.3) | 327 (18.0) | |
| 2013–2015 | 980 (27.5) | 200 (30.4) | 604 (33.2) | |
| 2016–2018 | 1,430 (40.1) | 369 (56.1) | 800 (44.0) | |
| Annual income level at ECMO support, n (%) | 0.206 | |||
| Q1 (lowest) | 858 (24.1) | 184 (28.0) | 439 (24.1) | |
| Q2 | 682 (19.1) | 138 (21.0) | 346 (19.0) | |
| Q3 | 868 (24.3) | 148 (22.5) | 452 (24.8) | |
| Q4 (highest) | 1,158 (32.5) | 188 (28.6) | 583 (32.0) | |
| Annual case volume of ECMO support, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Q1 <15 | 818 (22.9) | 189 (28.7) | 187 (10.3) | |
| Q2: 15–28 | 974 (27.3) | 138 (21.0) | 234 (12.9) | |
| Q3: 29–63 | 996 (27.9) | 178 (27.1) | 688 (37.8) | |
| Q4 >63 | 778 (21.8) | 153 (23.3) | 711 (39.1) | |
| Charlson comorbidity index, median [IQR] | 3 [1, 4] | 2 [1, 4] | 3 [1, 5] | <0.001 |
| Total hospital-visit days for 1-year, median [IQR] | 68 [47, 127] | 90 [53, 156] | 101 [67.3, 161.0] | <0.001 |
| Duration of ECMO support, days, median [IQR] | 4 [2, 6] | 7.5 [4.0, 12.0] | 1 [1, 4] | <0.001 |
| LOS at ECMO support, median [IQR] | 21 [13, 30] | 26.5 [15.8, 36.0] | 31 [19, 44] | <0.001 |
| Total healthcare cost for one year, USD, median [IQR] | 37,239.3 [22,871.5, 63,280.1] |
48,165.4 [28,021.7, 89,224.9] |
80,946.2 [40,988.3, 115,502.5] |
<0.001 |
| Self-payment by patient for 1-year | 2,791.0 [1,661.0, 5,449.2] |
7,786.7 [4,290.2, 12,848.0] |
6,471.3 [2,844.3, 10,527.9] |
<0.001 |
| NHIS insurance coverage for 1-year | 34,105.5 [21,008.8, 57,636.4] |
39,523.8 [22,212.9, 74,795.5] |
73,558.1 [36,414.9, 105,644.3] |
<0.001 |
| Follow up after discharge, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Follow up in the same hospital | 1,814 (50.9) | 406 (61.7) | 828 (45.5) | |
| Transfer to other long-term facility care center | 152 (4.3) | 27 (4.1) | 51 (2.8) | |
| Discharge to home, and outpatient clinic follow up | 1,600 (44.9) | 225 (34.2) | 941 (51.7) | |
IQR, interquartile range; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; LOS, length of hospital stay; USD, United States Dollar; NHIS, National Health Insurance Service.