Table 4. Multivariable Cox regression model results for three-year all-cause mortality rate among ECMO survivors from 2005 to 2016 (n=4,255, event =449).
Variables | Multivariable model, HR (95% CI) |
P |
---|---|---|
Total healthcare cost for one year, 1,000 USD (model 1) | 1.01 (1.00, 1.01) | 0.015 |
Self-payment for one year, 1,000 USD (model 2) | 1.00 (0.98, 1.01) | 0.665 |
Age, years | 1.04 (1.03, 1.05) | <0.001 |
Sex, male | 1.19 (0.98, 1.45) | 0.084 |
Residence at ECMO support | ||
Urban area | 1 | |
Rural area | 1.07 (0.88, 1.29) | 0.496 |
Year of ECMO support | ||
2005–2008 | 1 | |
2009–2012 | 0.83 (0.61, 1.12) | 0.224 |
2013–2016 | 0.60 (0.45, 0.81) | 0.001 |
Annual income level at ECMO support | ||
Q1 (lowest) | 1 | |
Q2 | 0.93 (0.70, 1.25) | 0.636 |
Q3 | 0.73 (0.56, 0.96) | 0.026 |
Q4 (highest) | 0.88 (0.69, 1.12) | 0.285 |
Annual case volume of ECMO support | ||
Q1 <15 | 1 | |
Q2: 15–28 | 0.87 (0.64, 1.18) | 0.358 |
Q3: 29–63 | 0.98 (0.74, 1.29) | 0.884 |
Q4 >63 | 0.83 (0.61, 1.12) | 0.223 |
Charlson comorbidity index | 1.05 (1.01, 1.09) | 0.021 |
Total number of hospital-visit days for 1-year | 1.01 (1.01, 1.01) | <0.001 |
Duration of ECMO support | 1.01 (1.00, 1.02) | 0.067 |
Length of hospital stay at ECMO support | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | 0.532 |
Follow up after discharge | ||
Follow up in the same hospital | 1 | |
Transfer to other long-term facility care center | 1.08 (0.65, 1.80) | 0.760 |
Discharge to home, and outpatient clinic follow up | 1.02 (0.82, 1.26) | 0.871 |
Main diagnosis at ECMO treatment | ||
Cardiac indication group | 1 | |
Respiratory indication group | 0.98 (0.67, 1.43) | 0.926 |
Other | 1.94 (1.55, 2.43) | <0.001 |
ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; USD, United States Dollar; HR, hazard ratio.