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. 2022 Dec;10(23):1266. doi: 10.21037/atm-22-2721

Table 4. Multivariable Cox regression model results for three-year all-cause mortality rate among ECMO survivors from 2005 to 2016 (n=4,255, event =449).

Variables Multivariable model,
HR (95% CI)
P
Total healthcare cost for one year, 1,000 USD (model 1) 1.01 (1.00, 1.01) 0.015
   Self-payment for one year, 1,000 USD (model 2) 1.00 (0.98, 1.01) 0.665
Age, years 1.04 (1.03, 1.05) <0.001
Sex, male 1.19 (0.98, 1.45) 0.084
Residence at ECMO support
   Urban area 1
   Rural area 1.07 (0.88, 1.29) 0.496
Year of ECMO support
   2005–2008 1
   2009–2012 0.83 (0.61, 1.12) 0.224
   2013–2016 0.60 (0.45, 0.81) 0.001
Annual income level at ECMO support
   Q1 (lowest) 1
   Q2 0.93 (0.70, 1.25) 0.636
   Q3 0.73 (0.56, 0.96) 0.026
   Q4 (highest) 0.88 (0.69, 1.12) 0.285
Annual case volume of ECMO support
   Q1 <15 1
   Q2: 15–28 0.87 (0.64, 1.18) 0.358
   Q3: 29–63 0.98 (0.74, 1.29) 0.884
   Q4 >63 0.83 (0.61, 1.12) 0.223
Charlson comorbidity index 1.05 (1.01, 1.09) 0.021
Total number of hospital-visit days for 1-year 1.01 (1.01, 1.01) <0.001
Duration of ECMO support 1.01 (1.00, 1.02) 0.067
Length of hospital stay at ECMO support 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) 0.532
Follow up after discharge
   Follow up in the same hospital 1
   Transfer to other long-term facility care center 1.08 (0.65, 1.80) 0.760
   Discharge to home, and outpatient clinic follow up 1.02 (0.82, 1.26) 0.871
Main diagnosis at ECMO treatment
   Cardiac indication group 1
   Respiratory indication group 0.98 (0.67, 1.43) 0.926
   Other 1.94 (1.55, 2.43) <0.001

ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; USD, United States Dollar; HR, hazard ratio.