. 2022 Dec 23;13:1015613. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1015613

Table 3.

Serum biochemical parameters, immune activity and hormonal levels of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fish subjected to heavy metals, mercury (Hg) and cadmium (Cd), and treated with the biosynthesized selenium nanoparticles (BioSeNPs) during the 10-week experimental period.

Group	Subgroups	Cd + Hg(μg ml⁻¹)	BioSeNPs(μg ml⁻¹)	Liver function			Innate immune response				Hormones					Cortisol(μg ml⁻¹)
				NBT							FSH	T		P4	GH
				Glucose (mg dl⁻¹)	ALT (U/l)	AST (U/l)	(Abs)	LYZ (μg ml⁻¹)	Ig (μg ml⁻¹)	TP (mg dl⁻¹)	(nIU ml⁻¹)	(ng ml⁻¹)		(ng ml⁻¹)
				Glucose (mg dl⁻¹)	ALT (U/l)	AST (U/l)	(Abs)	LYZ (μg ml⁻¹)	Ig (μg ml⁻¹)	TP (mg dl⁻¹)	M	F	XX	(ng ml⁻¹)
1	1Z	–	–	103.00d	55.00c	130.00b	0.40e	1.30e	22.00c	46.00 cd	0.30d	0.95a	2.50e	0.90a	0.50e	3.70c
	1A	–	3	99.00e	49.00d	120.00c	0.60c	1.50c	30.00ab	60.00bc	0.50b	0.46e	2.90b	0.50d	0.67c	2.69e
	1B	–	4	96.00f	45.00e	115.00d	0.67b	1.60b	28.00b	61.30b	0.48b	0.43f	2.90b	0.47e	0.71b	2.45f
	1C	–	5	94.20f	43.30e	107.00e	0.85a	1.80a	31.00a	63.00a	0.55a	0.41f	3.10a	0.44f	0.80a	1.92 h
2	2Z	0.5 + 0.5	–	119.00b	76.00b	148.00ab	0.30f	1.09 g	18.00d	40.00d	0.25e	0.80b	2.35f	0.60b	0.55e	7.70b
	2A	0.5 + 0.5	3	108.00c	51.00c	130.00b	0.50d	1.30e	24.00c	51.00c	0.45c	0.60d	2.70c	0.56c	0.60d	2.80d
	2B	0.5 + 0.5	4	105.00d	48.00d	125.00c	0.49d	1.40d	25.60c	53.00c	0.48b	0.57de	2.78c	0.52d	0.69c	2.71d
	2C	0.5 + 0.5	5	99.00e	46.00d	119.00d	0.67b	1.53c	27.30b	54.40c	0.51b	0.52e	2.81c	0.49e	0.72b	2.11 g
3	3Z	1.0 + 1.0	–	125.00a	80.00a	150.00a	0.20 g	1.00 g	16.00d	38.00e	0.23e	0.70c	2.2	0.40f	0.60d	9.80a
	3A	1.0 + 1.0	3	110.00c	52.00c	135.00b	0.32f	1.20f	23.70c	48.00 cd	0.39d	0.72c	2.56d	0.58b	0.58e	3.10c
	3B	1.0 + 1.0	4	107.00c	50.00c	129.00c	0.31f	1.28e	24.60c	49.50 cd	0.41c	0.69 cd	2.62d	0.54c	0.61d	2.80d
	3C	1.0 + 1.0	5	102.00d	48.30d	121.00d	0.49d	1.30e	25.20c	51.00c	0.43c	0.66d	2.70c	0.51d	0.66c	2.50e

Means in the same column with lowercase different letters are significantly different at p ≤ 0.05. ALT, alanine transaminase; AST, aspartate transaminase; NBT, nitrobluetetrazolium; LYZ, lysozyme; Ig, immunoglobulin; TP, total protein; FSH, follicle-stimulating hormone; T, testosterone; M, male; F, female; XX, intersex; P4, progesterone; GH, growth hormone.