TABLE 1.
Some recently cited protocols in literature for microbial production of HA via fermentation.
| Bacteria | Culture medium | Culture conditions | Mode-of fermentation | HA yield | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Streptococcus zooepidemicus 39920 | (g/L), Glucose 50, MgSO4 0.5, yeast extract 20, KH2PO4 2, K2HPO4 2, (NH4)2SO4 0.5, ZnCl2 0.046, CaCl2 2, CuSO4.5H2O 0.019, sucrose modified-FeNPs 30 | 37°C, pH 7, 200rpm | Batch | 0.226 g/L | Wang et al. (2021) |
| Streptococcus zooepidemicus CCT 7546 | 1 ml of 50% glycerol culture stock solution, 50 ml of BHI broth, 0.9% NaCl (w/v) | 37°C, 22 h, 150rpm | Batch | 69.8 mg/L | Kimilly et al. (2022) |
| Streptococcus zooepidemicus (mutated through UV & N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitroguanidine) | (g/L) Yeast extract 20, Hydrolyzed casein 20, primary glucose 30, NaCl 1.5, MgSO4 0.6 900 ml deionized water | 37°C, pH 7, 5% O2 content | Fed-batch | 8.4 g/L | Saharkhiz and Babaeipour, (2021) |
| Streptococcus equi. Subsp. zooepidemicus 3523 | TH broth, 5 g/L brain, heart infusion | 37°C, 22 h, 150rpm | Fed-batch | 4.73 g/L | Mohan et al. (2022) |
| Streptococcus zooepidemicus ATCC 39920 | (g/L): Glucose 25, Yeast extract, non-descript “salts” component 11 | 2VVM Airflow, 37°C, pH 7 | Batch, fed-batch | 2.5 g/L in batch, 5 g/L in fed-batch after 24 h | Ferreira et al. (2021) |
| Streptococcus equi. Subsp. zooepidemicusATCC 35246 | Molasses (6–20%), sheep wool proteins (SWP) | 37°C, pH 8, 200rpm | Batch | 3.54 g/L | Pinar and Nuri, (2021) |
| Streptoccus Thermophillus TISTR 458 | (g/L): Glucose 30, NaCl 2, yest extract 30, K2HPO4 2.5, MgSO4. 7H2O 1.5 g/L, sugarcane molasses | pH 6.8, 37 2°C, 72 h | Batch | 32.80 4.27 (after 24 h) from glucose, 213.44 76.79 mg/L (after 12 h) from molasses | Saraphanchottiwitthaya and Siripalakit, (2022) |
| Streptococcus equi. Subsp. zooepidemicusATCC 35246 | (g/L): MgSO4. 7H2O 1.5, K2HPO4 2.5, NaCl 2, yeast extract 10, monosaccharides in Bored coffee beans hydrolysates 30 (either acid or enzymatic hydrolysis) | 37°C, 3000 rpm, 5% dissolved O2, 1 VVM airflow | Batch | 2.7 g/L | Antonio et al. (2021) |
| Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicusATCC 39920 | (g/L): sucrose 10–50, glutamate 0–0.6, yeast extract 10–50, oxalic acid, 0–0.6, glutamine 0–0.6, K2HPO4 2.5, NaCl 2, MgSO4. 7H2O 1.5 | 150 rpm, 37°C, 48 h, 10% (VV−1) | Batch | 0.860 g/L | Caldas et al. (2020) |