Fig. 3.

Images showing representative patients with or without disease progression on relevant VAT and SAT radiomics feature maps overlaid on the CT images. Case 1 (A and B) involved a 40-year-old male patient with terminal ileal CD who demonstrated Montreal B1 at baseline and during the 26-month follow-up, while case 2 (D–F) involved a 25-year-old male patient with terminal ileal CD who demonstrated Montreal B1 at baseline but with penetrating disease during the 28-month follow-up. In each part, illustrations (A and D) show differences in VAT at baseline that affected bowel disease development during follow-up. Images (B and E) showing the representative radiomics features of adipose tissue (VAT: wavelet-HLL_glszm_LargeAreaLowGrayLevelEmphasis; SAT: wavelet-LHH_glszm_ZoneEntropy) overlaid on baseline plain CT images in these two patients; their terminal ileal CD is clearer on contrast-enhanced CT images. On the colour maps of radiomics features, these two patients showed a significant difference in VAT but not in SAT, indicating that VAT plays a more important role than SAT in disease progression in CD. Contrast-enhanced images (C and F) confirm the clinical outcomes of the two patients during follow-up. (CD, Crohn's disease; CT, computed tomography; SAT, subcutaneous adipose tissue; VAT, visceral adipose tissue).