Table 2.
Summary of extracted data from the 15 studies included within the rapid review.
| Study and Reference No. | Aim | Age and Sex | Country | Programme Characteristics | Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Besnier et al., 2015.[28] | To compare the effectiveness of three training programmes on reducing fat mass in people living with overweight and obesity. | 136 participants:136 female.20–40 years. | Réunion Island | Primarily aerobic, of participant’s choice. | All groups showed significant reductions in fat mass without inter group differences. At home programme showed reductions in BMI and body weight. All groups showed reductions in insulin levels. |
| Blackford et al., 2016.[31] | To evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention to improve metabolic parameters and cardiovascular risk factors in participants at risk of metabolic syndrome. | 401 participants:195 male, 206 female.50–69 years. | Australia | Provision of printed and online materials adapted from guidelines. | Many improvements within the intervention group including body weight, BMI, blood pressure, body fat and waist circumference. |
| Capodaglio et al., 2011.[25] | Evaluate effectiveness of mixed exercise programme on adults with Prader Willi syndrome. | 31 participants:Sex not specified.No age range provided, mean age of 34.0 years. | Italy | Resistance:Choice of four exercises. | Non-significant change in BMI in intervention group and non-significant changes in postural assessment. |
| Chen et al., 2015.[43] | Investigate home-based exercise self-efficacy, compliance and effectiveness on participants with and without Metabolic Syndrome. | 110 participants:42 male, 68 female.No age range provided, mean age of 48.6 years. | Taiwan | Aerobic:Stepping and cardio-dance. | Significant reduction in BMI regardless of Metabolic Syndrome status. Those without MetS performed greater volume of exercise during the intervention. Correlation of baseline exercise self-efficacy and at home exercise volume. |
| Dash et al., 2018a.[24] | Investigate the effect of a 6 month random exercise controlled trial on metabolically unhealthy African American women living with obesity. | 213 participants:213 female.45–65 years. | USA | Aerobic:Walking or slow jogging. | Significant decrease in proportion of women with Metabolic Syndrome in supervised and home-based groups. Improvement in Metabolic Syndrome profile in comparison to the control arm, identified by changes in serum HDL and triglycerides in home-based group. |
| Fukuoka et al., 2015.[35] | Investigate feasibility and efficacy of a diabetes prevention intervention for adults with overweight and at risk for Type 2 Diabetes. | 61 participants:14 male, 47 female.No age range provided, mean age of 55.0 years. | USA | Aerobic and mobile phone application:Walking with pedometer. | Significant reductions in intervention weight in comparison to a control group weight gain. Intervention showed reductions in hip circumference and blood pressure. Also, steps per day increased whereas control group steps decreased. |
| Gary et al., 2011.[36] | Randomised control study to investigate a combined programme on physical activities of daily living in heart failure patients. | 24 participants:12 male, 12 female.40–75 years. | USA | Combined aerobic and resistance:Walking and resistance bands. | Exercise group showed increased weight carried and muscle strength. Specific task activities were also performed more rapidly. |
| Höchsmann et al., 2019.[40] | Investigating if a smartphone game can increase daily physical activity in people living with overweight and type 2 diabetes. | 36 participants:19 male, 17 female.45–70 years. | Switzerland | Multidimensional smartphone game:Aerobic, resistance and flexibility. | Increases in daily physical activity for both groups, with a higher increase in the intervention group as well as improved aerobic capacity. Both groups also showed weight loss, greater reduction the intervention group. |
| Holtz et al., 2014.[34] | Randomised crossover trial to investigate low-cost, home-based diet and exercise intervention in veterans. | 26 participants:17 male, 9 female.No age range provided, mean age of 37.0 years. | USA | Three arm intervention: 1. Social support,2. Objective monitoring, 3. Structured high intensity. | Significant weight loss in two of the interventions but weight loss across all. Five overall themes identified concerning social support, objective monitoring, structured activity, awareness and understanding and point-of-decision prompts. |
| Labrunée et al., 2012.[45] | Investigate the impact of a home-based programme in obese type 2 diabetics and barriers to physical activity engagement. | 23 participants:10 male, 13 female.40–70 years. | France | Aerobic:At home cycle ergometer. | Non-significant decrease in body weight and BMI. Significant improvement in max power and quadricep strength. Main barriers identified: low exercise capacity, pain association, reduced motivation and poor tolerance to effort. |
| Mama et al., 2015.[29] | Investigating a home-based intervention on Social Cognitive Theory, physical activity and sedentary time in Hispanic breast cancer survivors. | 89 participants:89 female.No age range provided, mean age of 59.0 years. | USA | Multidimensional: Aerobic, strength and flexibility. | Reported significant increases in physical activity from baseline to follow up, as well as exercise self-efficacy. Social modelling increases correlated with increased moderate and total physical activity time and decreased sedentary time. |
| Pekmezi et al., 2017.[26] | Investigating the feasibility of a home-based tailored physical activity print programme for African American women living with overweight or obesity. | 84 participants:84 female.50–69 years. | USA | Mailing of strategies for increasing physical activity behaviour. | No significant changes in anthropometrics or other fitness related measures. Increase in self report moderate-vigorous physical activity. Cognitive processes, self-efficacy, outcome expectations and family support for physical activity improved slightly for intervention participants and decreased in the control group. |
| Sasso and Backus, 2013.[27] | Case study investigating a home-based circuit resistance training with spinal cord injury. | 44 year old male. | USA | Aerobic and resistance: Circuit resistance training. | The participant lost weight, improved cardiovascular fitness and upper extremity strength increased. |
| Scott et al., 2019.[39] | Investigating virtual home-based High-intensity Interval Training in people with obesity and increased cardiovascular disease risk. | 32 participants:13 male, 19 female. No age range provided, mean age of 36.0 years. | England | Aerobic and resistance: High-intensity Interval Training. | Effective in reducing BMI, body mass, body fat% and visceral fat mass, although this reduction was also present in the other non-home-based interventions. |
| Taylor et al., 2018a.[23] | Investigate the effect of a 6 month random exercise controlled trial on metabolically unhealthy African American women living with obesity. | 213 participants: 213 female. 45–65 years. | USA | Aerobic: Walking or slow jogging. | No significant differences in Health Related Quality of Life between all groups. Baseline characteristics were combined with the supervised exercise group and therefore cannot be commented upon. |
| Watson et al., 2012.[33] | Investigate the use of a virtual coach to increase activity levels in people with overweight and obesity. | 70 participants:11 male, 59 female. 20–55 years. | USA | Aerobic and access to virtual coach: Walking. | Step count maintained in intervention group and decreased in control but the difference from baseline to end was not significant. There was a significant difference between intervention and control at all time points. |
a
Represents the inclusion of two published papers regarding the same study, as for which reported separate measures.