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. 2022 Dec 22;16:1079498. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1079498

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Copyright © 2022 Liu, He, Zhong, Huang, Gong, Hu, Qian and Yang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Low expression of mtDNA (mtLE) Müller cells exhibit low energy production and proliferative ability. (A) The expressions of mitochondrial genes encoded by nuclear DNA (nDNA) in mtLE Müller cells are repressed. The nuclear-encoded oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) genes are highlighted by dark blue. (B) Key glycolysis genes are not upregulated in the mtLE subcluster. (C) The proliferation probability (PP) of each Müller cell is predicted based on expressions of key cell-cycle genes. (D) The histogram statistics of PP show that mtLE Müller cells are less proliferative. (E) The high expression of mtDNA (mtHE) Müller cells, but not the mtLE subpopulation, become more proliferative under age-related macular degeneration (AMD) conditions.