Table 3.

Adjusted* associations of selected population and clinical characteristics among individuals with known type 2 diabetes. ELSA-Brasil, 2017–2019. N = 2062

Characteristic	HbA1C < 7%		Achieving ≥ 2 treatment goals**
	PR (95% CI)	P	PR (95% CI)	P
Sex (reference: men)
Women	1.13 (1.07–1.20)	< 0.001	1.05 (1.00–1.11)	0.050
Age (years, reference: ≤ 54)
> 54 to ≤ 64	1.03 (0.95–1.11)	0.453	1.01 (0.94–1.08)	0.836
> 64 to ≤ 74	1.08 (0.99–1.17)	0.080	1.03 (0.96–1.11)	0.415
≥ 74	1.20 (1.08–1.34)	< 0.001	1.02 (0.91–1.04)	0.646
Race (reference: white)
Black	0.91 (0.83–1.00)	0.041	0.86 (0.79–0.94)	< 0.001
Pardo (mixed)	1.01 (0.95–1.08)	0.701	0.95 (0.90–1.02)	0.139
Yellow/indigenous	1.05 (0.93–1.19)	0.433	0.94 (0.83–1.06)	0.307
Education (reference: university)
Less than university	0.94 (0.86–1.01)	0.101	0.97 (0.91–1.04)	0.419
Private health insurance (reference: no)
Yes	1.07 (0.99–1.15)	0.083	1.15 (1.07–1.23)	< 0.001
Per capita income (minimum wages/mo. Reference: less than 4)1
4 to < 8	1.20 (1.07–1.34)	0.002	1.12 (1.01–1.23)	0.031
8 to < 12	1.16 (1.02–1.32)	0.023	1.11 (1.00–1.25)	0.061
12 to < 16	1.27 (1.11–1.45)	0.001	1.18 (1.05–1.33)	0.007
≥ 16	1.26 (1.10–1.45)	0.001	1.19 (1.06–1.34)	0.004
Body mass index (increase of 5 kg/m2)	0.97 (0.95–1.00)	0.087	0.96 (0.94–0.99)	0.012
Diabetes medication
Yes	1.03 (0.94–1.12)	0.535	1.03 (0.95–1.12)	0.507
Years since diabetes diagnosis (reference: 0–1)
1–10	0.74 (0.71–0.77)	< 0.001	0.87 (0.82–0.91)	0.001
10 +	0.43 (0.39–0.47)	< 0.001	0.68 (0.63–0.73)	< 0.001

^*through Poisson regression with robust variance for age, sex, educational achievement, race/skin color, private health insurance, per capita income, diabetes medication, body mass index, and years since diagnosis

^**Treatment goals: glucose, blood pressure and LDL-c

¹Minimum wage: the monthly minimum wage was BRL 986.00 at the time of the study