Harver 1989.

Study characteristics
Methods	Study design: RCT Study grouping: parallel‐group
Participants	Baseline characteristics IMT N (randomized/analyzed): not reported/10 Loss to follow‐up or excluded: not reported Age, mean (SD) in years: 61.1 (9.5) Gender (M/F): 8/2 Control/sham N (randomized/analyzed): not reported/9 Loss to follow‐up or excluded: not reported Age, mean (SD) in years: 64.8 (8.4) Gender (M/F): 8/1 Overall N (randomized/analyzed): 23/19 Loss to follow‐up or excluded: 4 Gender (M/F): 16/3 COPD stage (GOLD): moderate to severe Included criteria Participants for the study were recruited from the clinical practice of pulmonary physicians at the institution Participants were stable both clinically and functionally, and medications were not changed during the study. Excluded criteria: not reported
Interventions	Intervention characteristics IMT: participants trained twice a day, 15 min each session, 7 d/week, for 8 weeks. The training device was Pflex (with a controlled breathing pattern), and the training load ranged from 5 cmH2O to 35 cmH2O (≈30% PImax FRC) Control/sham: this group received a similar IMT protocol with a training load set at 5cmH2O
Outcomes	Dyspnea: BDI‐TDI:  Functional impairment  Magnitude of task  Magnitude of effort Focal score Respiratory muscle strength: PImax  RV FRC Respiratory function: FEV1 L Respiratory muscle endurance: MVV
Identification	Sponsorship source: The American Lung Association of New Hampshire and by grants HL07449 and HL29068 from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Country: USA Setting: Outpatient pulmonary clinic and pulmonary function laboratory Author's name: Andrew Harver Institution: Department of Psychology, SUNY Stony Brook Address: Stony Brook, NY 11794
Notes