Hsiao 2003.

Study characteristics
Methods	Study design: RCT Study grouping: parallel‐group
Participants	Baseline characteristics IMT (Threshold device) N (randomized/analyzed): not reported/10 Loss to follow‐up or excluded: not reported Age, mean (SD) in years: 68.2 (6.5) Gender (M/F): 10/0 IMT (Incentive spirometer) N (randomized/analyzed): not reported/10 Loss to follow‐up or excluded: not reported Age, mean (SD) in years: 70.4 (5.3) Gender (M/F): 8/2 Control/sham N (randomized/analyzed): not reported/10 Loss to follow‐up or excluded: not reported Age, mean (SD) in years: 71.1 (3.9) Gender (M/F): 8/2 Overall N (randomized/analyzed): 42/30 Loss to follow‐up or excluded: 12 Gender (M/F): 26/4 COPD stage (GOLD): moderate to severe Included criteria Patient with moderate to severe COPD FEV1 < 2L and FEV1/FVC <  60% Excluded criteria Restrictive lung disease History of cardiovascular disease or musculoskeletal conditions that could interfere with the training or the testing maneuvers
Interventions	Intervention characteristics IMT: participants trained twice a day, 15 min/session, 5days/week for 8 weeks. The sessions were unsupervised. Participants were divided into two groups using either Threshold IMT or Respirex, which were set at 50% of PImax Control/sham: this group did not receive any intervention
Outcomes	Functional exercise capacity: 6MWD Respiratory muscle strength: PImax (RV) Respiratory muscle endurance time: Tlim (Threshold device) Notes: measured while breathing against 70% of PImax
Identification	Country: Taiwan Setting: Pulmonary clinic of 1 university hospital Author's name: Ying Tai Wu Institution: School and graduate institute of physical therapy, college of medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Address: 7 Chung Shan South Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan
Notes