Weiner 1992.

Study characteristics
Methods	Study design: RCT Study grouping: parallel‐group
Participants	Baseline characteristics PR+IMT N (randomized/analyzed): 12/12 Loss to follow‐up or excluded: 0 Age, mean (SD in years): 67.2 (9) PR N (randomized/analyzed): 12/12 Loss to follow‐up or excluded: 0 Age, mean (SD in years): 64.4 (10.3) Overall N (randomized/analyzed): 24/24 Loss to follow‐up or excluded: 0 COPD stage (GOLD): severe to very severe Included criteria Patients with spirometric evidence of chronic airflow limitation that was not corrected by bronchodilator therapy Excluded criteria: not reported
Interventions	Intervention characteristics PR+IMT: PR: consisted of  20 min of cycling on cycle ergometer. Participants started cycling with low load that was then gradually increased, about 5% each session, to reach 50% of the initial Wmax.  10 min of rowing  15 min of muscle exercises to strengthen upper and lower extremities and abdominal muscles IMT: 15 min/session, 3 times/week for 6 months using the Threshold IMT device. Participants breathed at 15% of their PImax for 1 week. The resistance was then increased by 5% to reach 60% of PImax at the end of the first month and 80% at the end of the second month. PR+ (sham IMT): this group received the same training protocol as described above, and IMT was conducted at no load.
Outcomes	Functional exercise capacity:  12MWD Exercise time (constant cycle ergometer test) Notes: endurance work time at 2/3 of Wmax Respiratory muscle strength: PImax (RV) Respiratory muscle endurance: respiratory muscle endurance pressure (Pthmax) Notes: participantss inspired through a 2‐way HansRudolph valve whose inspiratory port was connected to a chamber and plunger to which weights could be added externally. Inspiratory elastic work was then increased by the progressive addition of 25‐100 g weights at 2‐min intervals. The pressure achieved with the heaviest load (tolerated for at least 60 s) was defined as the peak pressure (Pthmax) Respiratory function: FEV1 (%pred)
Identification	Country: Israel Author's name: Paltiel Weiner Institution: Department of Medicine, Hillel‐Yaffe Medical Center, and the Institute for Respiratory Disease Address: Hadera, Israel
Notes