Table 4.
Baseline characteristics of high-risk after TTE and THE before and after propensity score matching
| Characteristics | Unmatched cohort high-risk n = 1,162 | Matched cohort high-risk n = 798 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TTE n = 749 | THE n = 413 | SMD | TTE n = 399 | THE n = 399 | SMD | |
| Age, years | 68 (63–72) | 70 (64–75) | 0.23 | 70 (65–73) | 70 (64–74) | 0.00 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 26.2 (23.6–28.9) | 26.1 (23.5–29.2) | 0.02 | 26.3 (23.7–28.9) | 26.1 (23.5–29.1) | 0.02 |
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | 607 (81.0) | 327 (79.2) | 0.05 | 315 (78.9) | 317 (79.4) | 0.01 |
| CCI score | ||||||
| 2 | 257 (61.0) | 251 (60.8) | 0.00 | 246 (61.7) | 244 (61.2) | 0.01 |
| 3 | 204 (27.2) | 98 (23.7) | 0.08 | 96 (24.1) | 96 (24.1) | 0.00 |
| 4 | 47 (6.3) | 42 (10.2) | 0.14 | 38 (9.5) | 37 (9.3) | 0.01 |
| ≥5 | 41 (5.5) | 22 (5.3) | 0.01 | 19 (4.8) | 22 (5.5) | 0.03 |
| ASA-classification | ||||||
| I | 44 (5.9) | 28 (6.8) | 0.04 | 28 (7.0) | 27 (6.8) | 0.04 |
| II | 431 (57.5) | 212 (51.3) | 0.12 | 214 (53.6) | 207 (51.9) | 0.03 |
| III–IV | 274 (36.6) | 173 (41.9) | 0.11 | 157 (39.3) | 165 (41.4) | 0.04 |
| Tumor histology | ||||||
| AC | 611 (81.6) | 350 (84.7) | 0.08 | 335 (84.0) | 336 (84.2) | 0.01 |
| SCC | 115 (15.4) | 54 (13.1) | 0.07 | 57 (14.3) | 54 (13.5) | 0.02 |
| Other | 23 (3.1) | 9 (2.2) | 0.06 | 7 (1.8) | 9 (2.3) | 0.04 |
| Tumor location | ||||||
| Distal* | 603 (80.5) | 267 (64.6) | — | 312 (78.2) | 263 (65.9) | — |
| GEJ* | 146 (19.5) | 146 (35.4) | — | 87 (21.8) | 136 (34.1) | — |
| From the incisors, cm | 35 (33–38) | 36 (34–38) | 0.25 | 35 (34–38) | 36 (34–38) | 0.04 |
| cT-stage | ||||||
| cT0–1 | 56 (7.5) | 23 (5.6) | 0.08 | 29 (7.3) | 23 (5.8) | 0.06 |
| cT2 | 137 (18.3) | 92 (22.3) | 0.10 | 80 (20.1) | 88 (22.1) | 0.05 |
| cT3–4 | 529 (70.6) | 277 (67.1) | 0.08 | 274 (68.7) | 268 (67.2) | 0.03 |
| cTx | 27 (3.6) | 21 (5.1) | 0.07 | 16 (4.0) | 20 (5.0) | 0.05 |
| cN-stage | ||||||
| cN0 | 297 (39.7) | 185 (44.8) | 0.10 | 178 (44.6) | 177 (44.4) | 0.01 |
| cN1 | 282 (37.7) | 149 (36.1) | 0.03 | 144 (36.1) | 145 (36.3) | 0.00 |
| cN2–3 | 136 (18.2) | 60 (14.5) | 0.10 | 60 (15.0) | 58 (14.5) | 0.01 |
| cNx | 34 (4.5) | 19 (4.6) | 0.00 | 17 (4.3) | 19 (4.8) | 0.02 |
| Neoadjuvant therapy | ||||||
| None | 77 (10.3) | 69 (16.7) | 0.19 | 60 (15.0) | 58 (14.5) | 0.01 |
| Chemotherapy | 37 (4.9) | 33 (8.0) | 0.13 | 31(7.8) | 31 (7.8) | 0.00 |
| CRT or radiotherapy | 635 (84.8) | 311 (75.3) | 0.24 | 308 (77.2) | 310 (77.7) | 0.01 |
| Previous abdominal or thoracic surgery | ||||||
| Yes | 312 (41.7) | 170 (41.2) | 0.01 | 167 (41.9) | 164 (41.1) | 0.02 |
| Approach* | ||||||
| Open | 116 (15.5) | 246 (59.6) | — | 64 (16.0) | 235 (58.9) | — |
| MI abdomen | 35 (4.7) | 167 (40.4) | — | 21 (5.3) | 164 (41.1) | — |
| MI thorax | 13 (1.7) | — | — | 6 (1.5) | — | — |
| MIE | 585 (78.1) | — | — | 308 (77.2) | — | — |
| Anastomosis* | ||||||
| Intrathoracic | 467 (62.3) | 0 (0) | — | 253 (63.4) | 0 (0) | — |
| Cervical | 282 (37.7) | 413 (100) | — | 146 (36.6) | 399 (100) | — |
Data are n (%) or median (IQR). AC indicates adenocarcinoma; ASA, American Association of Anesthesiologists; BMI, body mass index; CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index; CRT, chemoradiotherapy; GEJ, gastroesophageal junction; IQR, interquartile range; MI, minimally invasive; MIE, minimally invasive esophagectomy; SMD, standardized mean difference; SCC, squamous cell carcinoma; THE, transhiatal esophagectomy; TTE, transthoracic esophagectomy.
*Variables were not used in propensity score matching.