. 2022 Dec 20;13(1):19. doi: 10.3390/ani13010019

Table 1.

Karyotype of Zootoca vivipara, subspecies, and chromosomal forms with characteristics of sex chromosomes system, morphology of w/W chromosomes, reproductive modality and distribution.

№	2n ♂/♀	System of Sex Chromosomes ♂/♀	Morphology of w/W Sex Chromosomes	Mode of Reproduction, O/V (Ovi-/Viviparous)	Localities	Species, Subspecies, Chromosomal Forms
The first group of karyotype
1.	36A/36A	ZZ/Zw	M	O	Central, southwestern Europe	Z. vivipara, now Z. carniolica
2.	36A/36A	ZZ/Zw	M	V	Central Europe	Z. vivipara, now Z. vivipara Hungarian form
The second group of karyotype
3.	36A/35 (34A + 1 A/ST)	Z₁Z₁Z₂Z₂/Z₁Z₂W	A, ST	O	Western Europe	Z. vivipara, now Z. v. louislantzi Pyrenean form
4.	36A/35 (34 A + 1 A/ST)	Z₁Z₁Z₂Z₂/Z₁Z₂W	A/ST	V	Central Europe	Z. vivipara, now Z. vivipara Austrian form?
5.	36A/35 (34A + 1 SV)	Z₁Z₁Z₂Z₂/Z₁Z₂W	SV/ST	V	Central Europe	Z. vivipara, now Z. vivipara Romanian form
6.	36A/35 (34A + 1 A/ST)	Z₁Z₁Z₂Z₂/Z₁Z₂W	A/ST	V	Eastern Europe, eastern Baltic region, Asia	Z. vivipara, now Z. vivipara Eastern (Russian) form
7.	36A/35 (34A + 1 SV)	Z₁Z₁Z₂Z₂/Z₁Z₂W	SV	V	Western, Central Europe, Baltic region	Z. vivipara, now Z. vivipara Western form

Characteristics of Z. vivipara: karyotype and system of sex chromosomes: ZZ/Zw—simple system; ZZ₁ZZ₂/Z₁Z₂W—multiple sex chromosome system; shape and morphology of w/W sex chromosomes: w—microchromosome, W—macrochromosome; A—acrocentric, ST—subtelocentric, SV—submetacentric; reproductive modality: O—oviparous; V—viviparous; distribution area.