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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Environ Res. 2022 Nov 9;216(Pt 4):114759. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114759

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

Directed acyclic graph (DAG) showing conceptual model for confounding

Abbreviations: BMI=Body mass index, CBCL=Child Behavior Checklist, PAH=Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, SES=Socioeconomic status