Table 2.

List of Phase III clinical trials using MUC1 antigen (retrieved from clinicaltrial.gov website, accessed on 9 September 2022).

Vaccine	Number of Patients	Treatment	Outcome	References
Oxidized mannan MUC1 peptide	31 doubly blind breast cancer stage II	Administered subcutaneous injections of either placebo or oxidized mannan- MUC1	5.5 years since the final patient began treatment (8.5 years from the start of treatment of the first patient); the recurrence rate in patients receiving the placebo was 27% (4/15; the expected rate of recurrence in stage II breast cancer); those receiving immunotherapy had no recurrences (0/16); and this finding was statistically significant (P = 0.0292).	[112]
PANVAC-VF viral vector expressing CEA. and MUC1 plus B7.1,	255 advanced pancreatic cancer patients	PANVAC-VF versus palliative chemotherapy	No significant difference in OS of patients receiving PANVAC-VF versus palliative chemotherapy or best supportive care	[144]
Silayl Tn-KLH	1028 breast cancer patients	Silayl Tn-KLH versus KLH	No significant difference in OS in patients receiving Silayl Tn-KLH versus KLH alone	[117]
Tecemotide (L-BLP25) lyophilized 25mer MUC1	1513 NSCLC patients	Tecemotide (L-BLP25) versus placebo after chemoradiotherapy	No significant OS difference within whole cohort	[120]
TG4010 (a modified vaccinia Ankara expressing MUC1) and interleukin 2	222 stage IV NSCLC patients (phase 2b/3)		TG4010 plus chemotherapy seems to improve progression-free survival compared to placebo plus chemotherapy	[114]
Tecemotide (L-BLP25) lyophilized 25mer MUC1	285 Stage IV NSCLC patients		Study was prematurely terminated	[111,116]

OS: overall survival; PANVAC-VF: cancer vaccine targeting MUC1, and carcinoembryonic antigen delivered via two viral vector vaccina (V) and flowpox (F); KLH: keyhole limpet hemocyanin.