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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jan 6.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Cardiol. 2022 Jul 14;179:74–82. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2022.06.017

Figure 2.

Figure 2.

HCM is a disease of converging endophenotypes, regulated by complex interaction between genetic, post-transcriptional, and environmental determinants. (A) Genetic, biological, acquired, and social profiles likely influence individual functional protein-protein interaction patterns in individual patients with HCM. (B) This paradigm sets the framework for a model that integrates genetic context with environmental determinants of disease to explain HCM. Cross-talk among PPIs between endophenotypes, which may vary between patients, explains heterogeneity in clinical phenotypes evident in HCM populations. EPA = epidemiologic-pathological axis.