Table 3. Multivariable analysis using the Clayton copula model .

Variables	Estimate	SE	P value	HR (95% CI)
Age (y)
≤ 43	Ref.
44-69	0.38	0.24	0.089	1.46 (0.91, 2.33)
≥ 70	0.46	0.22	0.016	1.58 (1.98, 2.41)
Gender
Female	Ref.
Male	0.36	0.21	0.089	1.44 (0.95, 2.19)
Residence
Rural	Ref
Urban	0.49	0.18	0.008	1.64 (1.14, 2.36)
Diabetes mellitus
Non-Diabetic	Ref.
Diabetic	0.41	0.15	0.007	1.51 (1.12, 2.05)
Duration of treatment (y)
< 1	Ref.
1-5	-0.32	0.20	0.106	0.73 (0.49, 1.07)
> 5	-0.31	0.16	0.057	0.73 (0.53, 1.01)
Stage of Glaucoma
Early	Ref.
Moderate	0.72	0.30	0.0176	2.06 (1.13, 3.73)
Advanced	0.84	0.28	0.003	2.31 (1.33, 4.01)
Hypertension
No	Ref.
Yes	0.35	0.15	0.019	1.42 (1.06, 1.91)
η	0.54	0.21	0.011

Source: Alert Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; from January 1, 2018 to December 30, 2021.

η: Copula parameter.