Table 5. Payment Method and Health Costs by Hospital Level: Coefficient and 95% CI .
| Total Hospital Costs | Primary Hospital | Secondary Hospital | Tertiary Hospital | |||
| Outpatient | Inpatient | Outpatient | Inpatient | Outpatient | Inpatient | |
| Payment method (Ref: FFS) | ||||||
| GB | -0.33a (-0.34, -0.31) |
-0.02 (-0.08, 0.04) |
-0.27a (-0.32, -0.29) |
-0.19a (-0.22, -0.16) |
-0.12a (-0.14, -0.11) |
-0.046a (-0.07, -0.02) |
| Bundled payment | - | - | - | -0.25a (-0.33, -0.17) |
- | -0.04 (-0.15, 0.08) |
| Capitation payment | -0.49a (-0.50, -0.48) |
0.10 (-0.09, 0.33) |
-0.003 (-0.03, 0.03) |
-0.35a (-0.40, -0.29) |
0.23a (0.15, 0.31) |
-0.09a (-0.13, -0.06) |
| OOP Expenses | ||||||
| Payment method (Ref: FFS) | ||||||
| GB | 0.20a (0.16, 0.24) |
-0.001 (-0.11, 0.12) |
0.38a (0.34, 0.43) |
-0.24a (-0.30, -0.18) |
0.94a (0.90, 0.99) |
0.052b (0.001, 0.11) |
| Bundled payment | - | - | - | -0.08 (-0.27, 0.15) |
- | -0.13 (-0.30, 0.09) |
| Capitation payment | -0.01b (-0.02, -0.005) |
-0.40a (-0.58, -0.15) |
1.66a (1.55, 1.79) |
-0.40a (-0.50, -0.28) |
0.053 (-0.04, 0.16) |
-0.33a (-0.38, -0.29) |
Abbreviations: OOP, out-of-pocket; FFS, fee-for-service; GB, global budget; CI, confidence interval.
All models were adjusted for gender, age, insurance type, CCI, region, and year. All the regression results (β) have been transformed using the formula, Coefficient = eβ– 1.
a P <.001, bP <.05.