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. 2022 Dec 28;15(1):167. doi: 10.3390/cancers15010167

Table 2.

Corresponding signaling pathways and tumor effects of CXC chemokines.

CXC
Chemokines		 Signaling Pathways Tumor Effects References
CXCL1
  • (1)

    P38/ERK/MAPK pathway;

  • (2)

    VEGF/STAT3 pathway;

  • (3)

    Integrin β1/FAK/AKT signaling pathway;

  • (4)

    NF-κB pathway;

  • (5)

    Ras signaling pathway
  • (1)

    Promote proliferation of ovarian cancer; induce breast cancer cells migration/invasion; facilitate uterine cervix cancer malignant processes;

  • (2)

    Promote gastric cancer cells angiogenesis;

  • (3)

    Promote gastric cancer cells lymph node metastasis;

  • (4)

    Promote breast cancer cells and gastric cancer cells’ migration/ invasion;

  • (5)

    Promote melanocytes malignant transformation

 [8,11,12,14,20,34,36,69,70]
CXCL5
  • (1)

    PI3K/AKT and ERK/MAPK signaling pathways;

  • (2)

    β-catenin pathway;

  • (3)

    NF-κB pathway
  • (1)

    Promote proliferation and migration of non-small cell lung cancer cells;

  • (2)

    Promote the migration/invasion and EMT of papillary thyroid carcinoma cells;

  • (3)

    Promote growth and progression of prostate cancer

 [33,35,71]
CXCL8 PI3K/AKT and ERK/MAPK signaling pathways
  • (1)

    Support survival and proliferation of acutemyeloid leukemia cells; enhance tumor (melanoma) growth and metastasis

 [17,32,60]
CXCL1/3 TGF-β signaling pathway
  • (1)

    Drive immunosuppressive neutrophils infiltration

 [31]
CXCL1/5 CXCR2/STAT3 pathway
  • (1)

    Induce EMT and metastasis of gastric cancer cells

 [7]
CXCL1/2/4 NF-κB pathway
  • (1)

    Promote tumor growth and angiogenesis in colorectal cancer cells

 [27]
CXCL1/2/8 NF-κB pathway
  • (1)

    Promote TNBC lung metastasis

 [37]
CXCL12
  • (1)

    MAPKAP Kinase-2 signaling;

  • (2)

    ERK and AKT pathway;

  • (3)

    Rho/ROCK pathway;

  • (4)

    Ras signaling pathway;

  • (5)

    Wnt/β-catenin pathway
  • (1)

    Promote angiogenesis in colon tumors;

  • (2)

    Promote proliferation and survival of breast cancer cells;

  • (3)

    Facilitate cancer growth and EMT;

  • (4)

    Increase cell proliferation in pancreatic cancer;

  • (5)

    Promote metastasis in colorectal cancer

 [38,39,40,42,43,46]
CXCL11/12 β-arrestin signaling
  • (1)

    Promote cancer cell growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis

 [41]
CXCL13 NF-κB pathway, PI3K/AKT pathway, ERK/MAPK pathway, STAT3 pathway
  • (1)

    Promote cancer cell growth and metastasis

 [30,44,45,47]