Figure 1.

SP treatments reduce viability and inhibit migration of GBM cells. (A) MTT assay demonstrated that SP treatments for 24 h at the concentrations of 10, 25, 50, and 100 mM have no cytotoxic effect in healthy NHA cells. (B–D) Cell viability of U-87, A-172, and U-138 GBM cells was evaluated using MTT assay 24 h after treatments with SP at a concentration of 10, 25, 50, or 100 mM s. U-87, U-138, and A-172 cells showed a similar decrease in cell viability following SP treatments. Treatment with 10 mM SP did not significantly reduce cell viability, while concentrations of 25 mM, 50 mM, and 100 mM significantly reduced cell viability compared to untreated cells. * p < 0.05 vs. Ctr; *** p < 0.001 vs. Ctr. (D1,D2) U-87 cells were examined for cell invasion in 60 mm plates by carrying out the Scratch test. (D1) The wound was photographed 24 h after SP treatments to measure the migratory ability of the cells. (D2) SP treatments at the concentrations of 10 mM and 25 mM did not significantly affect cell migration rate, while invasiveness of U-87 cells was significantly reduced by SP treatment at the higher concentrations of 50 mM and 100 mM compared to untreated cells. *** p < 0.001 vs. Ctr. Red line = 50 % of cellular viability.