Table 1.
Content (µg/g DW) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Compounds | Flowers (CM-F) |
Leaves (CM-L) |
Stems (CM-S) |
Roots (CM-R) |
|
Phenolic acids | Gallic acid | 13.23 ± 0.12 q | 11.17 ± 0.26 o | 7.14 ± 0.07 q | 9.55 ± 0.19 q |
Protocatechuic acid | 216.11 ± 0.32 n | 41.06 ± 0.43 m | 124.29 ± 0.96 k | 96.68 ± 0.93 kl | |
Chlorogenic acid | 1987.02 ± 0.69 a | 348.42 ± 0.60 e | 894.49 ± 0.02 q | 561.82 ± 0.94 b | |
Salicylic acid | 318.11 ± 0.41 j | 133.35 ± 0.11 j | 122.05 ± 0.84 k | 110.20 ± 0.66 ij | |
p-Hydroxybenzoic acid | 701.10 ± 0.04 f | 65.89 ± 0.35 l | 175.49 ± 0.02 i | 184.41 ± 0.07 g | |
Caffeic acid | 206.71 ± 0.50 n | 126.80 ± 0.98 j | 123.02 ± 0.21 k | 86.29 ± 0.13 lm | |
Vanillic acid | -- | 77.51 ± 0.52 l | 192.89 ± 0.12 h | 130.13 ± 0.46 h | |
Syringic acid | 345.23 ± 0.60 i | 146.81 ± 0.20 i | 135.31 ± 0.39 j | 58.94 ± 0.90 o | |
Rosmarinic acid | 102.10 ± 0.72 p | 38.04 ± 0.23 m | 14.82 ± 0.23 pq | 11.06 ± 0.15 q | |
Ellagic acid | 1666.22 ± 0.5 b | 1095.01 ± 0.43 a | 470.40 ± 0.56 d | 415.21 ± 0.53 c | |
p-Coumaric acid | 407.13 ± 0.77 h | 191.44 ± 0.70 g | 92.76 ± 0.26 m | 83.05 ± 0.27 m | |
Methyl paraben | 265.61 ± 0.35 l | 16.63 ± 0.15 n o | 18.73 ± 0.91 p | 34.71 ± 0.81 p | |
Ferulic acid | 161.34 ± 0.16 o | 105.45 ± 0.46 k | 102.22 ± 0.76 l | 82.04 ± 0.75 m | |
Flavonoids | Luteolin-7-O-glucoside | 836.30 ± 0.38 e | 424.07 ± 0.08 c | 332.46 ± 0.59 e | 305.12 ± 0.88 d |
Apigenin-7-O-glucoside | 1074.03 ± 0.21 d | 958.59 ± 0.41 b | 819.60 ± 0.30 b | 603.02 ± 0.80 a | |
Luteolin | 257.54 ± 0.71 m | 169.50 ± 0.33 h | 84.25 ± 0.49 m | 67.38 ± 0.88 no | |
Apigenin | 119.14 ± 0.42 p | 37.14 ± 0.53 m | 29.83 ± 0.12 o | 54.01 ± 0.51 o | |
Quercetin | 1292.01 ± 0.85 c | 23.38 ± 0.80 n | 307.33 ± 0.86 f | 73.63 ± 0.63 mn | |
Rutin | 673.12 ± 0.99 g | 377.05 ± 0.55 d | 565.20 ± 0.58 c | 241.15 ± 0.53 f | |
Naringin | 298.30 ± 0.02 jk | 220.61 ± 0.37 f | 141.63 ± 0.70 j | 105.61 ± 0.18 jk | |
Catechin | 347.71 ± 0.22 i | 114.42 ± 0.74 k | 240.41 ± 0.12 g | 268.40 ± 0.28 e | |
Vanillin | 141.94 ± 0.87 o | 138.04 ± 0.60 ij | 140.11 ± 0.79 j | 122.73 ± 0.71 hi | |
Kaempferol | 290.60 ± 0.03 k | 69.57 ± 0.02 l | 72.98 ± 0.19 n | 39.90 ± 0.53 p | |
Isorhamnetin | 237.53 ± 0.64 m | 110.90 ± 0.78 k | 108.72 ± 0.92 l | 129.65 ± 0.80 h |
Values are means ± standard deviation of three replicates. (--): Not detected. The letters a to q represent a significant difference between compounds in the same organ at p < 0.05.