Table 1.

Nutritional composition (energy expressed as kcal/100 mL and macronutrients expressed as g/100 mL) of cow’s milk and some (oat, almond, soya, rice, and coconut) plant-based milk alternatives (PBMA). The data is presented by the range and the average in parenthesis.

		Cow’s Milk	Oat PBMA	Almond PBMA	Soya PBMA	Rice PBMA	Coconut PBMA
Total energy content		34.0–65.8 (54.0)	29.0–103.0 (52.7)	15.2–40.2 (24.3)	32.0–58.0 (41.2)	47.0–60.0 (54.2)	19.0–178.0 (54.0)
Carbohydrates	Total content	4.58–5.33 (4.88)	3.33–18.8 (8.99)	0.20–4.40 (1.95)	0.20–7.08 (2.94)	9.17–12.2 (10.82)	0.42–5.00 (2.28)
	Fiber	–	0.40–4.70 (1.27)	0.27–1.60 (0.52)	0.40–0.80 (0.52)	0.10 (−)	0.10–0.42 (0.34)
	Sugar	3.38–5.15 (4.81)	0.42–10.9 (5.61)	0.05–4.58 (1.82)	0.10–6.25 (2.23)	2.50–7.02 (5.13)	0.00–3.75 (1.62)
Sugar profile	Maltose	−	2.75–3.34 (3.05)	−	0.66 (−)	2.41–4.88 (3.37)	1.05 (−)
	Sucrose	−	−	0.16–3.42 (1.80)	0.35–2.88 (1.13)	−	−
	Glucose	2.06 (−)	0.01 (−)	0.06–0.87 (0.38)	0.01–0.52 (0.33)	0.11–4.12 (2.43)	0.81 (−)
	Fructose	−	−	0.06–0.61 (0.34)	0.06–1.27 (0.78)	0.07–0.10 (0.09)	−
	Galactose	2.55 (−)	−	−	−	−	−
Protein		3.15–3.70 (3.35)	0.4–3.24 (1.10)	0.41–2.40 (0.75)	2.08–3.70 (3.10)	0.07–0.42 (0.30)	0.08–1.60 (0.64)
Lipids	Total content	0.08–4.17 (2.81)	0.28–2.65 (1.21)	1.04–10.4 (2.42)	1.25–2.11 (1.76)	0.83–1.20 (0.96)	0.84–18.5 (4.55)
	SFA 1	0.06–2.35 (1.45)	0.00–1.47 (0.35)	0.10–0.20 (0.15)	0.17–0.42 (0.27)	0.07–0.21 (0.16)	1.67–12.6 (3.15)
	MUFA 2	0.02–1.09 (0.66)	0.83 (−)	0.70–0.83 (0.79)	0.35 (−)	0.48–0.62 (0.57)	−
	PUFA 3	0.00–0.20 (0.12)	0.21–0.42 (0.32)	0.21–0.28 (0.23)	1.00 (−)	0.21–0.35 (0.26)	−
References		[6,8,10,24,25,26,27]	[6,8,10,17,25,26,28,29,30,31]	[6,8,10,17,24,26,28,29,30,32]	[6,8,10,17,24,25,26,28,29,30,33]	[6,8,10,17,24,25,26,28,30,34]	[6,8,10,24,26,28,29,35]

¹ SFA= sum of saturated fatty acids; ² MUFA= sum of monosaturated fatty acids; ³ PUFA= sum of polyunsaturated fatty acids.