Table 1.
Summary table of novel MRI techniques reported and their clinical feasibility.
| Technique | Biochemical Changes Evaluated | Clinical Feasibility |
|---|---|---|
| T1ρ | PG and water content, collagen anisotropy | +++ |
| T2 | PG and water content | +++ |
| T2 * | Macromolecule architecture and water mobility | +++ |
| Ultrashort TE | Tissue composition and organization | +++ |
| DWI with ADC DTI with FA |
Water diffusion, tissue composition and organization | + |
| 23Na-MRI | Na+ concentration, indirectly GAG/PG content | + |
| GagCEST | Exchange of hydroxyl-protons between GAG and bulk water, GAG content | + |
| dGEMRIC | Diffusion rate, GAG content indirectly | + |
* 23Na-MRI, sodium magnetic resonance imaging; ADC, apparent diffusion coefficient; DTI, diffusion tensor imaging; dGEMRIC, delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of cartilage; DWI, diffusion-weighted imaging; FA, fractional anisotropy; GAG, glycosaminoglycan; GagCEST, GAG chemical exchange saturation transfer; MRS, magnetic resonance spectroscopy; MT, magnetization; MTR, MT ratio; PG, proteoglycan; TE, time to echo.