Table 4.

Joint associations of the stool frequency and stool consistency with all-cause, cancer, and CVD mortality.

Outcome	Joint Association/Type and Frequency	HR *	p-Value
All-cause	Hard stool at 4 times/week	1.50 (1.19, 1.89)	0.0006
	Hard stool at 7 times/week	1.26 (1.00, 1.57)	0.0456
	Hard stool at 14 times/week	0.97 (0.75, 1.26)	0.8249
	Hard stool at 21 times/week	0.79 (0.44, 1.43)	0.4348
	Soft stool at 4 times/week	1.78 (1.17, 2.73)	0.0076
	Soft stool at 7 times/week	1.32 (1.06, 1.64)	0.0120
	Soft stool at 14 times/week	1.17 (0.94, 1.46)	0.1567
	Soft stool at 21 times/week	1.27 (0.98, 1.64)	0.0696
Cancer	Hard stool at 4 times/week	0.85 (0.48, 1.51)	0.5709
	Hard stool at 7 times/week	0.70 (0.38, 1.28)	0.2478
	Hard stool at 14 times/week	0.55 (0.17, 1.74)	0.3086
	Hard stool at 21 times/week	0.46 (0.05, 4.27)	0.4972
	Soft stool at 4 times/week	2.42 (1.31, 4.47)	0.0048
	Soft stool at 7 times/week	1.30 (0.86, 1.95)	0.2078
	Soft stool at 14 times/week	0.94 (0.59, 1.48)	0.7846
	Soft stool at 21 times/week	1.00 (0.62, 1.61)	0.9911
CVD	Hard stool at 4 times/week	1.23 (0.56, 2.69)	0.6123
	Hard stool at 7 times/week	2.05 (1.16, 3.64)	0.0137
	Hard stool at 14 times/week	1.50 (0.77, 2.90)	0.2296
	Hard stool at 21 times/week	0.64 (0.19, 2.19)	0.4794
	Soft stool at 4 times/week	2.27 (1.12, 4.60)	0.0231
	Soft stool at 7 times/week	1.42 (0.91, 2.21)	0.1194
	Soft stool at 14 times/week	0.95 (0.54, 1.67)	0.8630
	Soft stool at 21 times/week	0.81 (0.41, 1.62)	0.5528

The Cox regression model adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, BMI, physical activity, smoking status, dietary fiber intake, alcohol consumption, and annual family income. * HRs are calculated in comparison to the reference of normal stool at 7 times/week and are presented at stool frequencies that are ≥5% marginally.