Table 1.
Quality assessment of included studies.
| Study | 1 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 15 | 16 | 18 | 20 | 21 | 25 | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dierks et al. 2008 [14] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | U | U | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | U | 11 |
| Lack et al. 2009 [15] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | U | U | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | U | 10 |
| Noehren et al. 2012 [16] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | U | U | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | U | 11 |
| Willson et al. 2008 [17] | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | U | U | 1 | 1 | U | 1 | U | 9 |
| Nakagawa et al. 2012 [18] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | U | U | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | U | 11 |
| Barton et al. 2011 [19] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | U | U | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | U | 11 |
| Paoloni et al. 2010 [20] | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | U | U | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | U | 9 |
| Bolgla et al. 2008 [21] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | U | U | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | U | 11 |
| Salsich et a. 2001 [22] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | U | U | 1 | 1 | U | 1 | U | 10 |
| Ireland et al. 2003 [23] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | U | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | U | 11 |
| Robinson and Nee 2007 [24] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | U | U | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | U | 11 |
| Glaviano and Saliba 2022 [25] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | U | U | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | U | 11 |
Item 5 is defined as yes = 2, partial = 1, no = 0, U = unclear. All other items are assessed as yes = 1, no = 0, and U = unclear.