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. 2022 Dec 31;15(1):284. doi: 10.3390/cancers15010284

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Forest plot of comparative (A) overall survival and (B) progression-free survival in cancer patients treated with ICI between PPI users and non-users. The size of squares is proportional to the weight of each study. Horizontal lines indicate the 95% CI of each study; diamond, the pooled estimate with 95%; CI, confidential interval; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; HR, hazard ratio; NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer; PPI, proton pump inhibitor; RCC, renal cell carcinoma; SCC, squamous cell carcinoma; and UC, urothelial carcinoma.