Table 3.
Participants characteristics in 3 classes of sleep patterns.
| Characteristics | Class 1 (n = 350) | Class 2 (n = 137) | Class 3 (n = 713) | p-Value | Post Hoc |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 41.91 ± 15.80 | 60.38 ± 12.23 | 43.88 ± 12.81 | <0.001 ** | 2 > 3 > 1 |
| WC (cm) | 78.99 ± 13.27 | 82.07 ± 10.74 | 79.18 ± 11.83 | 0.015 * | 2 > 1, 3 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.72 ± 3.96 | 25.61 ± 3.66 | 23.65 ± 3.39 | <0.001 ** | 2 > 1, 3 |
| Sex | 0.014 * | ||||
| Male | 167 (47.7) | 56 (40.9) | 381 (53.4) | 2 < 3 | |
| Female | 183 (52.3) | 81 (59.1) | 332 (46.6) | 2 > 3 | |
| Marital status | <0.001 ** | ||||
| Unmarried | 76 (21.7) | 1 (0.7) | 85 (11.9) | 1 >3 > 2 | |
| Married | 256 (73.1) | 107 (78.1) | 564 (79.1) | ||
| Divorced or widowed | 18 (5.1) | 29 (21.2) | 64 (9.0) | 2 > 1, 3 | |
| Education | <0.001 ** | ||||
| Junior high school and below | 109 (31.1) | 107 (78.1) | 354 (49.6) | 2 > 3 > 1 | |
| High school and above | 241 (68.9) | 30 (21.9) | 359 (50.4) | 1 > 3 > 2 | |
| Annual household income (RMB) | <0.001 ** | ||||
| <80, 000 RMB | 180 (51.4) | 115 (83.9) | 409 (57.4) | 2 > 1, 3 | |
| 80, 000- RMB | 153 (43.7) | 19 (13.9) | 254 (35.6) | 1 > 3 > 2 | |
| >300, 000 RMB | 17 (4.9) | 3 (2.2) | 50 (7.0) | ||
| Smoking (yes) | 77 (22.0) | 24 (17.5) | 148 (20.8) | 0.548 | |
| Alcohol (yes) | 78 (22.3) | 24 (17.5) | 166 (23.3) | 0.333 | |
| Physical activity level | <0.001 ** | ||||
| Low | 201 (58.6) | 53 (38.7) | 330 (48.5) | 1 > 2, 3 | |
| Moderate | 78 (22.7) | 63 (46.0) | 252 (37.0) | 1 < 2, 3 | |
| High | 64 (18.7) | 21 (15.3) | 99 (14.5) | ||
| DEBQ | 76.85 ± 22.81 | 63.62 ± 17.07 | 65.97 ± 20.45 | <0.001 ** | 1 > 2, 3 |
| Restrained eating | 25.37 ± 9.66 | 19.47 ± 6.16 | 21.03 ± 8.62 | <0.001 ** | 1 > 2, 3 |
| Emotional eating | 24.36 ± 12.06 | 20.07 ± 7.75 | 20.42 ± 9.30 | <0.001 ** | 1 > 2, 3 |
| External eating ‡ | 27.11 ± 8.53 | 24.08 ± 7.81 | 24.53 ± 8.56 | <0.001 ** | 1 > 2, 3 |
| DASS-21 | 14.46 ± 9.51 | 13.26 ± 8.82 | 8.03 ± 8.46 | <0.001 ** | 3 < 1, 2 |
| Stress | 6.37 ± 4.07 | 7.25 ± 4.00 | 3.89 ± 3.56 | <0.001 ** | 3 < 1, 2 |
| Anxiety | 4.29 ± 3.25 | 3.72 ± 3.30 | 2.08 ± 2.75 | <0.001 ** | 3 < 1, 2 |
| Depression | 3.80 ± 3.48 | 2.29 ± 2.83 | 2.06 ± 3.16 | <0.001 ** | 1 > 2, 3 |
| Neuroticism ‡ | 24.94 ± 8.32 | 22.47 ± 8.74 | 18.14 ± 8.32 | <0.001 ** | 1 > 2 > 3 |
| Hypertension | 80 (22.9) | 45 (32.8) | 97 (13.6) | <0.001 ** | 3 < 1, 2 |
| Dyslipidemia | 45 (12.9) | 42 (30.7) | 89 (12.5) | <0.001 ** | 2 > 1, 3 |
| CHD | 9 (2.6) | 11 (8.0) | 8 (1.1) | <0.001 ** | 2 > 1, 3 |
| Stroke | 17 (4.9) | 19 (13.9) | 29 (4.1) | <0.001 ** | 2 > 1, 3 |
| Arthritis | 33 (9.4) | 41 (29.9) | 27 (3.8) | <0.001 ** | 2 > 1> 3 |
| Osteoporosis | 29 (8.3) | 43 (31.4) | 40 (5.6) | <0.001 ** | 2 > 1, 3 |
| Cancer | 2 (0.6) | 2 (1.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0.016 * | 2 > 3 |
| Thyroid disease | 47 (13.4) | 13 (9.5) | 32 (4.5) | <0.001 ** | 3 < 1, 2 |
Abbreviations: BMI: body mass index, CHD: coronary heart disease, DASS: Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales, DEBQ: Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire, DM: diabetes mellitus, WC: waist circumference. Notes: ‡ One-way Anova, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01. Continuous variables: Kruskal–Wallis test; Categorical variables: Pearson’s χ2-tests.