Table 1.

Inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Inclusion Criteria	Exclusion Criteria
Measurement of at least one neuronal indicator, e.g., cognition, connection of neuronal systems	Studies which analyzed different urban exposures, e.g., air pollution
Measuring urbanization or urban upbringing	Subjective measuring of outcomes, e.g., stress
Urbanization as primary exposure	Studies regarding the effects of urbanicity on children
Publication between 2016 and 2021	Effects of urbanization on animals
Language: English and German Study Design: Empirical Studies	Published before 2016