Table 1.
Author | Country | Research Outline | Total Participants | Mean Age (Years) | Time of Assessment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hansen, D. et al. [10] 2011 | Belgium | Prospective randomized controlled trial. | 60 Patients | AET = 58.9 ± 0.2 RMT = 60.4 ± 8.9 |
Pre and post treatment |
Caruso, F.R. et al. [11] 2015 | Brazil | Randomized controlled clinical trial | 28 Patients | Training group = 61.3 ± 5.2 Control group = 61 ± 4.4 |
Pre and post treatment |
Scheer, A. et al. [12] 2021 |
Australia | Parallel group, randomized controlled trial | 52 Patients | WEX = 66 ± 8 GEX = 67 ± 8 Control = 71 ± 5 |
Pre and post treatment |
Reed, J.L. et al. [13] 2021 |
Canada | Randomized Controlled Trial | 135 Patients | MICT = 60 ± 7 NW = 61 ± 8 HIIT = 61 ± 7 |
Pre and post treatment |
Marzolini, S. et al. [15] 2008 | Canada | Randomized controlled trial | 53 Patients | AT = 57.9 ± 2.6 AT/RT1 = 60.9 ± 2.3 AT/RT3 = 62.7 ± 2.7 |
Pre and post treatment |
Santa-Clara, H. et al. [16] 2002 |
Portugal | Randomized controlled trial | 40 Patients | Combined training group = 55 ± 10 Aerobic training group = 57 ± 7 Control group = 57 ± 11 |
Pre and post treatment |
Kambic, T. et al. [17] 2021 |
Slovenia | Randomized, crossover clinical trial | 43 Patients | 61 ± 10 | Baseline, in between and post treatment |
Caruso, F.R. et al. [18] 2017 | Brazil | Randomized controlled trial | 20 Patients | 61.1 ± 4.7 | Pre and post treatment |
Ximenes, N.N. et al. [19] 2015 | Brazil | Randomized controlled trial | 34 Patients | Intervention group = 59.9 ± 7 Control group = 61.8 ± 6.7 |
Pre and post treatment |
Deka, P. et al. [20] 2022 |
Spain | Randomized controlled single-blinded trial | 90 Patients | HIIT + R = 69.2 ± 4.18 UC = 69.27 ± 5.68 |
Pre and post treatment |
Arthur, H.M. et al. [21] 2007 | Canada | Prospective two group, randomized controlled trial | 282 Patients | Not specified | Pre, in between and post treatment |
Schmid, J.P. et al. [22] 2008 | Switzerland | Prospective randomized, controlled study | 38 Patients | ET/RT = 54.7 ± 9.4 ET = 57 ± 9.6 |
Baseline, at 3rd month and 12th month |
Pimenta, N.M. et al. [23] 2013 |
Lisbon | Randomized controlled trial | 44 Patients | CET = 57 ± 12 Control group = 58 ± 11 |
Pre and post treatment |
Abbreviations: AT = Aerobic Training, AET = Aerobic Endurance Training, RMT = Resistance Muscle Training, RT = Resistance Training, ET = Endurance Training, CET = Combined Aerobic and Resistance Exercise Training, GEX = Gym-based Exercise, WEX = Water-based Exercise, HIIT + R = High Intensity Interval Training and Resistance Exercise, UC = Usual Care group, NW = Nordic Walking, MICT = Moderate to vigorous intensity continuous training.