Table 2.
Protocol and Procedure for Swallowing Assessment or Detection.
| Author (Year) | Subject | Class | Procedure | Protocol |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Afkari [30] | 1 | sw vs. nsw | sw: drink 100 mL of water as fast as possible nsw: dry (saliva) swallowing |
Four 30-min sessions performing 3 dry & one swallow |
| Amft and Troster [31] | 4M/2F | sw vs. nsw | Participants were allowed to move, chew, & speak normally during the recording. The participants were asked to drink 5 mL & 15 mL of water, eat a spoonful of yogurt, & 2 cm3 of bread in one piece | 2 intake sessions on different days |
| Bi et al. [32] | 5F/7M | Solid vs. liquid; food type | Apple, carrot, chip, cookie, peanut, walnut, water | Food was excluded if participants disliked it. Total 560 events |
| Fontana et al. [33] | 7 | food type | Start with 5 min quiet sitting 5 min reading aloud a meal of 4 food items (apple, 40 g crackers, low-fact yogurt, 250 mL water) was consumed at unlimited time |
10 repetitions for each food in a single swallow with 20 s of talking time between food intake |
| Fukuike et al. [34] | 4F/3M | sw vs. nsw | sw: taking a meal and stepping on a foot pedal when swallowed nsw: yawn, cough, sigh, throat clearing, gargling, and sipping tea |
- |
| Kurihara et al. [35] | 7M | sw (food type) vs. nsw | sw: tea (10 mL), tea with a thickener (10 mL), rice cake (10 g) nsw: swallowing nothing |
10 repetitions |
| Lee et al. [36] | 8M/9F | sw vs. nsw | Water, barium suspension (Ba), nectar-thick apple juice (Ne), honey-thick apple juice (Ho), spoon-thick apple juice (Sp) | Except for Sp, other drinks involved discrete and continuous tasks. Each task was repeated twice. Water was repeated 3 times |
| Makeyev et al. [37] | 12 | sw vs. nsw | Start with 10 min silent 10 min reading aloud Meal of fixed size consumed at an unlimited time (including cheese pizza, yogurt, apple, peanut butter sandwich) 10 min silent 10 min reading aloud |
4 visits |
| Sazonov et al. [38] | 20 | sw vs. nsw | 20 min rest A meal 20 min rest |
4 visits |
| Sejdic et al. [39] | 408 | sw vs. nsw (head position) | nsw: dry (saliva) swallow sw: drink water in natural & chin-tucked position |
5 swallows for each condition |
| Skowronski et al. [40] | 9 | sw vs. nsw (type) | sw: 5 mL liquid nsw: dry swallow, head move, yawn, sniff, tongue move, speech, hum, throat clear, cough |
10 repetitions |
nsw: non-swallowing; sw: swallowing; vs: versus.