Table 4.
Means, standard deviations, and one-way analyses of variance in personality traits, alexithymia, and post-traumatic stress (N = 506).
| No Symptoms | Brain Fog | Breath Impaired | Sensory Disorders | Multiple Disorders | ANOVA One-Way Test | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | ||
| Personality traits | ||||||
| PID-5-BF NA | 1.33 (0.68) | 1.63 (0.67) | 1.63 (0.66) | 1.59 (0.70) | 1.55 (0.56) | F(4, 501) = 3.99, p = 0.004, η2 = 0.034 |
| PID-5-BF DE | 0.83 (0.59) | 1.10 (0.65) | 1.02 (0.67) | 1.05 (0.65) | 0.85 (0.67) | F(4, 501) = 3.64, p = 0.006, η2 = 0.028 |
| PID-5-BF AN | 0.56 (0.47) | 0.55 (0.49) | 0.53 (0.49) | 0.59 (0.51) | 0.50 (0.57) | F(4, 501) = 0.33, p = 0.857, η2 = 0.003 |
| PID-5-BF DI | 0.74 (0.62) | 0.83 (0.64) | 0.77 (0.55) | 0.87 (0.67) | 0.77 (0.62) | F(4, 501) = 0.74, p = 0.564, η2 = 0.006 |
| PID-5-BF PS | 0.63 (0.58) | 0.82 (0.59) | 0.89 (0.67) | 0.92 (0.66) | 0.78 (0.61) | F(4, 501) = 3.40, p = 0.009, η2 = 0.026 |
| Alexithymia | ||||||
| TAS-20 DIF | 2.31 (1.00) | 3.03 (1.03) | 3.34 (1.01) | 2.98 (1.08) | 3.07 (0.85) | F(4, 501) = 14.14, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.101 |
| TAS-20 DDF | 2.47 (0.97) | 2.64 (0.94) | 2.77 (0.85) | 2.67 (0.93) | 2.52 (0.98) | F(4, 501) = 1.56, p = 0.184, η2 = 0.012 |
| TAS-20 EOT | 2.61 (0.94) | 2.72 (0.96) | 2.85 (1.04) | 2.69 (0.95) | 2.34 (0.74) | F(4, 501) = 2.68, p = 0.031, η2 = 0.021 |
| Post-Traumatic Stress | ||||||
| IES-R Avoidance | 1.37 (0.89) | 1.99 (0.92) | 2.17 (0.98) | 1.94 (1.01) | 1.75 (0.80) | F(4, 501) = 10.66, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.078 |
| IES-R Intrusion | 1.62 (0.95) | 2.46 (0.90) | 2.68 (1.00) | 2.32 (1.08) | 2.23 (0.95) | F(4, 501) = 17.29, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.121 |
| IES-R Hyperarousal | 1.72 (1.05) | 2.68 (0.90) | 2.85 (0.92) | 2.54 (1.01) | 2.42 (0.88) | F(4, 501) = 21.95, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.149 |
Notes: PID-5-BF = Personality Inventory for DSM-5 Brief Form, NA = Negative Affectivity, DE = Detachment, AN = Antagonism, DI = Disinhibition, PS = Psychoticism, TAS-20 = Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20, DIF = Difficulty in Identifying Feelings, DDF = Difficulty in Describing Feelings, EOT = Externally Oriented Thinking, IES-R = Impact of Event Scale Revised.